Social personality type. Personality Structure: Social Personality Types

2024 Author: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 06:11

Soul… Consciousness… Personality… What only the highest minds have not racked their brains over these concepts. The world-famous psychoanalyst Z. Freud was the first to present a structural idea of personality as a dynamic entity.

Studying Personality

One of the main trends in sociology is to study personality as a social type. This is due to the fact that this definition makes it possible to understand how society functions, taking into account the interests and needs of each individual person, and it can also be used to judge the development of the environment.

In the course of studying the concept of “personality”, scientists settled on the use of six approaches:

1. Dialectical-materialistic: initially, a person is a social being, the development of which depends on biology, upbringing, social environment and self-education skills.
2. Anthropological: a person is a carrier of universal human properties.
3. Normative: a person is a social being that has consciousness and the ability to act.
4. Sociological: a person is a person who embodies and realizes socially significant traits and qualities.
5. Personalistic: the main means of shaping personality is "I am perception". Personality - a set of mental reactions of a person to the opinion of others about him.
6. Biological-genetic: a person's bioprogram determines his behavior.

Thus, the concept of "personality" is multifaceted. It characterizes a person as a subject and object of biosocial relations and as a unifying principle in him of individual, social and universal traits. Those traits that are most often manifested in a member of society, and form the type of personality.

Personality device

This definition includes three levels: biological, psychological and social. The first consists of the natural qualities of a person: this is the structure of the body, and temperament, and sexual characteristics. The second unites the psychological properties associated with heredity (will, memory, feelings, thinking).

The third level has sub-levels described as follows:

1. Sociological: the interests of the individual, his motives for behavior, life experience, goals and so on. The sublevel is in close connection with the public consciousness.
2. Cultural specific. This includes all values and norms of human behavior.
3. Moral. This is the moral part of the personality.

Structure of personality. Social personality types

Of course, the above level system is rather rough and abstract, but nevertheless it is the basis for further study. Psychologist S. L. Rubinshtein used answers to three questions to study a person: “Whatwants, what attracts and what it strives for? The answers open the door to the mystery of the contents of an individual's identity.

K. K. Platonov identified four substructures of personality:

1. Orientation, which includes beliefs, worldview, desires, drives, interests. At this level, moral qualities are manifested, as well as various attitudes of a person.
2. Experience manifested in skills, knowledge, skills. Here is the development of individuality through the accumulated historical experience.
3. Personal characteristics of mental processes and functions.
4. Biological characteristics (sex, age, type of nervous system, and so on).

A. N. Leontiev defines personality as a special quality of only social origin. About the structure, a well-known psychologist says that it is “a stable configuration of the main motivational, hierarchized lines within themselves.”

Thus, the core of motivational structures is located in the center of the functioning of the personality. The next level is the way of realization of motives (personality traits, social roles, and so on). Features of a person's relationship with himself and the outside world are contained in the third substructure. The connection of all the characteristics of a person, constantly manifested in the influence of the environment, constitutes the social type of personality.

Individual Type Determination Studies

The concept of "personality as a social type" has attracted many researchers. For example, Aristotle grouped traits andthereby dividing people into "virtues" and "evil". C. G. Jung described individuals who are introverted ("Yin") and oriented towards the outside world ("Yang"). In psychology, they became known as introverts and extroverts. He also singled out types of people - sensors, logics, emotives and intuitions. The basis of the first type is sensations, the second is thinking, the third is emotions, the fourth is intuition. D. Moreno and T. Parsons created the role theory of personality. It says that each individual in the social system occupies his specific place (status). Each status contains a number of roles performed by a person.

Typology of the individual

Through the system of upbringing and education, taking into account the requirements of society, a social type of personality begins to form. Sociology believes that personality is what connects mental processes and gives stability and consistency to behavior. The following theories played an important role in structuring the type: psychobiological (W. Sheldon), biosocial (G. Allport, K. Rogers), psychostatic (D. Eysenck, R. Cattell), psychosocial (K. Horney, K. Adler).

Typologies are different. For example, M. Weber based his system on the degree of rationality of action. E. Fromm, defining the social type of personality, divides it into receptive, cumulative, exploitative, market.

Today in sociology it is customary to distinguish the following types of individuals:

1. Traditionalist. The main values of such a person are duty, order, discipline. It lacksdesire for self-realization.
2. Idealist. The negative type refers to traditions, is independent, does not recognize authorities. Often engaged in self-development.
3. Frustrated. The person has low self-esteem, often complains about he alth and depression.
4. Realist. People of this type are responsible, control their emotions, and engage in self-realization.
5. Hedonist. Most often, such a person seeks pleasure, to achieve his desires.

Also distinguish socio-psychological personality types:

1. "Doers". For representatives of this type, the main task is to change other people and oneself. They are active, self-sufficient, responsible.
2. "The Thinkers". An example of this type is the image of a sage, who is called to reflect and observe.
3. "Emotional". This includes individuals based on feelings, emotions, intuition. These are bright, creative individuals who can appreciate beauty.
4. "Humanists". This type has a very developed empathy. He perfectly feels the state of mind of a person.

Of course, the most common type of mixed social personality. It can be said that a sage, activist and humanist lives in every person.

How to determine the type of personality. Test

There are many methods to explore your personality. Most common:

1. Leonhard test. The questionnaire consists of 88 questions, which should beanswer "yes" or "no". The result will be character accentuation, that is, the most characteristic feature for this individual will be revealed.
2. Dutch test. Here are 42 pairs of professions, from which you need to choose the most preferable. The result is the definition of its type.
3. Keyrsey's typological questionnaire. Consists of 70 questions with suggested answers. You must select one statement. As a result, the definition of a personality profile.