Every person is unique. And it seems that this is a hackneyed phrase. On the one hand, it is absolutely true, but on the other hand, if we turn to psychology, it becomes obvious how true what is said.
A person is a person. The characteristics of personality traits are individual, which is confirmed by psychological studies and treatises on this topic.
What is this?
Personal features include several characteristics. If we turn to the encyclopedia of practical psychology, we will see the most complete definition. Personal characteristics are a combination of character, abilities, temperament and motives. The compilers of the book assure that among the above, personal motives, aspirations and stability of the type under study stand apart.
Everything starts from childhood
Childhood is a wonderful time of carelessness and security. The child thinks that the world aroundbeautiful, huge and simply beckons to itself. A growing baby begins to explore it even in childhood, when he is not aware of himself, but personality development is already beginning.
If we talk about the behavior of a very young child, it already has its own characteristics and basic qualities. Personal characteristics of the child are inherent in him from infancy. It is not for nothing that parents who have two or more children, when conducting comparative characteristics, note for themselves the different behavior of their offspring. And very often you can hear stories from acquaintances in which they say that their children are completely different, although they were born by the same parents. One from childhood was distinguished by stubbornness, willpower and mobility. He grew up as a real lively, in life he does everything on the run, but with high quality. And the second grew up "tyuha-matyuha", modest and inert. As an adult, he remained as infantile as in childhood.
The personality of a child depends on genetics, some would say. In fact this is not true. Genetics can come as a surprise, and successful parents are born with a real dead. Where it comes from, parents begin to find out. And they remember that grandfather was too modest and unable to show willpower in any business.
The following factors influence personality traits:
- Genetics.
- Family education.
- Environment.
And if we have already talked about the first factor, then the next two should be considered more carefully.
Family education
Personal features, as we said above, this is a whole range of characteristics, including positive and negative qualities of a person. They appear from childhood, it's not a secret. As well as the disposition to certain types of activities.
Education plays a huge role in the formation of personality. Now it has become fashionable to indulge children and turn a blind eye to such actions, for which even twenty years ago the offspring was punished. The result of such upbringing will be deplorable, because children need not only positive reinforcement, but also negative.
Surely more than once you have seen a child scream at the top of his lungs, demanding something from his mother. And she gently coos over him, persuades or simply gives what she wants. This is a positive reinforcement of the unwanted behavior. How will such a child grow up? He will become a good manipulator, accustomed to getting his own way on demand. Therefore, it is important to put the baby in his place in time, letting him know that not everything required is fulfilled, and bad behavior leads to punishment.
Peculiarities of personal development are that parents direct their child in the right direction, taking into account his inclinations and characteristics. If a child is obsessed with animals and declares that he wants to become a veterinarian, do not dismiss him by referring to unconscious age. On the contrary - encourage the desire of the offspring, buy him interesting books on this topic, show films. Over time, the child may abandon the conceived idea, continuing to search for himself, or may even establish himself in the chosen future area.activities.
Environment
The environment around the child influences the characteristics of the child's personal development. We are talking about the team in kindergarten (later - at school), relationships with other children and adults, social adaptation. If the child has problems with communication skills, then it is worth contacting a child psychologist for help. The older the child, the more difficult it is to correct communication if he has not been able to master the science of building relationships with other people since childhood.
Teenagers
The most complex human specimens. Moral immaturity, a heightened sense of justice and emotional instability are at the heart of the personality characteristics of adolescents. A teenager is no longer a child, but not yet an adult, although he very diligently claims this role. His hormonal background changes, external changes occur, the internal balance is disturbed. Yesterday's little beauty girl suddenly discovers the appearance of pimples and greasiness of the skin. For a self-confident adult, this is not a problem. But for a teenager - a whole complex. Most of them are unsure of themselves, a lot of fears and complexes are hidden under aggressive behavior.
What should others do when dealing with such a "hedgehog"? Consider that at this stage of development, personality traits are a changing factor. And to correct undesirable behavior of a teenager only with the help of positive and positive reinforcements.
Personal-psychological features
These properties include a person's temperament. Let's remember what one of the greatest physiologists of the planet Ivan Petrovich Pavlov says about this. He distinguishes four types of temperament, which are characterized as follows:
- Strong, mobile, unbalanced. It's about choleric. The main psychological feature of this type is that the processes of excitation prevail over the processes of inhibition.
- Strong, agile, balanced - sanguine. It is believed that this is the best temperament of a person, because the processes of inhibition and excitation are in balance.
- Strong, inert, balanced - phlegmatic type. The processes of inhibition prevail over the processes of excitation.
- Weak, unbalanced - melancholic. Such people have weak processes of excitation and inhibition.
Choleric
Personal characteristics of a person with a choleric type of higher nervous activity include the following emotional characteristics:
- Restlessness, because choleric people find it difficult to focus on one thing. They are capable of starting a business, not finishing it.
- Impulsiveness - such people live with emotions. On impulse, they do the most unpredictable things they blame themselves for.
- Quick excitement, which is due to temperament. Very easy to lose their temper, do not hesitate to show emotions. But the flash fades quickly, and the choleric becomes ashamed of the negative emotions shown.
- Burnout. Routine work is not for choleric people, as well as things that require maximum concentration. These people, due to emotional and personal characteristics, quickly get tired and burn out.
Sanguine
If you or someone close to you has this type of GNI, then you are very lucky. The most sober-minded and balanced people are sanguine people. Their main personality traits are balance in judgments and actions. The most pronounced qualities include:
- Practicality - representatives of this type of personality are able to look ahead. They are very practical in their actions, everything is calculated in advance.
- Patience is one of the best qualities of a sanguine person. At the moment of failure, he will not lay down his “paws”, but will be patient, clenching his teeth, get up from his knees and start all over again.
- Sobriety - we mentioned this above. The sanguine does not give in to panic, like the same choleric. He is able to turn on "cold thinking" in the most emergency situations. In ordinary life, a sanguine person looks at the world without rose-colored glasses, soberly assessing his own abilities and capabilities.
Phlegmatic
These people are difficult to stir up, they are inert and often go with the flow. The main personality traits are:
- Closedness. It does not manifest itself in such volumes as in the same melancholic, but people with this type of VND prefer to carry everything in themselves and once again do notopen up to others.
- Prone to loneliness. Despite the outward friendliness of the phlegmatic, the best company for him is his own person.
- Poor adaptability. For a phlegmatic, a global life change will become a real tragedy. These people prefer predictability and stability.
Melancholy
The weakest type of temperament. Their personality traits are a set of unenviable characteristics, which include increased lethargy, inertia and complete inability to live. But is it really?
- Melancholic people are highly sensitive. The smallest remark can provoke them to tears. But what is most interesting is that it is among the melancholics that the largest number of outstanding creative people. Because of their heightened sensitivity, they pick up subtleties that other types can't even see.
- Perfectionists with a heightened sense of guilt. Melancholic people like to bring their affairs to perfection. And if someone is dissatisfied with their work, then representatives of this type will not even think that the critic can simply find fault. They will immediately withdraw into themselves, scolding their own person for their lack of diligence.
- Reduced performance. A large and noisy team leads melancholic people into a stupor. They need frequent breaks from work with rest from colleagues. In a society of people, this type of personality feels extremely uncomfortable. But alone with myselfcapable of doing the toughest jobs. That is why there are many talented programmers and creative people among melancholic people.
Emotionality
As we noted above, personality traits are a whole range of characteristics, including emotions. People are used to separating emotions into good and bad. But in psychology such concepts do not exist. There are positive emotions and conditionally negative ones.
Positive ones include joy, confidence, tenderness, love. Conditionally negative emotions are anger, longing, anxiety, despair. There are also neutral emotions, these include amazement, curiosity and indifference.
What good are emotions? Those that can be removed and corrected. Character, as they say, is not treated. And the temperament of a person cannot be changed, as well as the emotions associated with it. But acquired emotions due to worldview and upbringing can be corrected.
Personality Qualities
These include positive and negative aspects of character. Speaking about a person, we make up his personal portrait: kind, sympathetic, faithful in friendship. Or vice versa - mean, envious, inclined to deceive.
Characteristics of personal characteristics of character is that they are congenital and acquired. It is possible to correct innate qualities, but it is rather difficult. Acquired are formed under the influence of the environment, upbringing and type of GNI of the child.
Conclusion
The personality traits of a person are a set of qualities that are unique to him. Some can be corrected, others will have to come to terms.
If a parent sees that negative qualities begin to appear in his offspring, it is necessary to extinguish them in the bud. The "whip" is a negative reinforcement, which does not mean hitting at all, as one might think. This includes, first of all, a ban on something, deprivation of pleasure. Only in this way the child will understand that he has done something wrong, and the likelihood of such behavior in the future will drop sharply.
Let's take an example: an older brother offended a younger sister. The first reaction of parents is to scold their son. If the child is psychologically weak, he will be frightened, but not the fact that he will stop offending the baby. Will do it so that parents do not notice, for example, when they are not at home. And if the sister complains, the boy will look unhappy and begin to deny what happened.
Instead of yelling, you need to give serious negative reinforcement for the child. For example, deprivation of some kind of entertainment. Should have gone to the zoo? Let's not go now because you hurt your sister. In the future, the boy, remembering such a lesson, will not want to offend the baby.
