Just think: what is the role of memory in human life? Many arguments can be given. We'll talk about them below. And we will also find out what procedural and declarative memory is, we will analyze the features.
What is memory?
This is a mental function, the most durable among other human abilities, which is designed to store, accumulate and reproduce information. There are several reasons for classifying the types and forms of memory. One of them is the division of memory according to the time of data storage, the other - according to the analyzer that dominates in the process of storing, retaining and recreating information.
In the first variant allocate:
- Short-term. In it, saving data is limited to a small time period. It is connected with his actual consciousness. To memorize information, it is necessary to maintain constant attention, riveted to the memorized material throughout the entire time it is retained in memory.
- And long-term memory, which is designed to store information for a long time. Not related to actual consciousness, determinedthe ability of a person at the right time to get the necessary material from the subconscious, which was remembered earlier. Remembering facts often requires effort, so realization is usually about will.
There is another form of memory - instantaneous. Assumes a relaxed reflection of the material perceived by the senses. Duration ranges from 0.1-0.5s.
And in the second one:
- Motive. This is the assimilation and preservation, and, if necessary, the unmistakable reproduction of various movements. Participates in the development and formation of the motor abilities and skills of the individual. It is necessary in the field of activity in which a person is required to master complex forms of movement.
- Auditory. High-quality assimilation and clear reproduction of various sounds (speech, music). Linguists, philologists, musicians need it.
- Visual, through which an individual remembers any information more easily. Assumes the ability to imagine. This is the ability to keep in mind for a long period of time an image or picture of an object that is not in the real field of view. People of all qualifications need memory, especially police officers, artists, architects, designers.
- Verbal-logical, etc. The owner of this type of memory easily remembers the meaning of any incident, text, the logic of some evidence, which he will betray with complete accuracy in his own words, without remembering the intricacies of the source material. As a rule, it is possessed by teachers, scientists.
Memory isfoundation of human mental activity. Without it, one cannot master the basics of the formation of behavior, thinking, consciousness, and so on.
RAM
Occupies an intermediate position between short-term and long-term memory. It is designed to assimilate information for a predetermined period. That is, in order to remember and easily reproduce what is needed in a given time period.
Let's talk about procedural and declarative memory
The first thing is how to act. In other words, memory for action. In the process of evolution, it develops earlier than declarative memory.
The latter guarantees the memorization of objects, incidents and fragments. This is a memory for faces, places, events, objects. It is conscious, because the individual is aware of the subject or object, event, picture, which are extracted from the subconscious.
Let's dwell on declarative memory
Sometimes it is called explicit. Gives an absolutely accurate account of past individual experiences. It is one of two types of long-term memory. Declarative memory is divided into two categories:
- Epic. Stores certain personal memories. It is memory for sayings, terminology, rules and abstract ideas.
- Semantic. It saves the factual material and presents a system of declarative memory for fixing, preserving and updating generalized information about the world around. Everyday we reproducedata from semantic memory, using it in dialogue, solving mathematical problems, reading magazines and books only due to the effective process of reproduction and the correct construction of data in it.
Semantic and episodic memory differ in content and ability to forget. Information in the latter is quickly lost due to the arrival of a new one. It constantly receives new data and changes as it is used. And the semantic one is activated less frequently and remains more stable over time.
Types
Distinguish:
- Semantic memories. Store general factual knowledge, not related to personal experience. Her examples include food types, national capitals, and more.
- And episodic. Memories that store fragments of observational information attached to a specific event.
Episodic memory is the main support system for semantic memory.
Find out what affects memory
It increases or, on the contrary, weakens due to the influence of various factors, the main of which is the importance of the material. The more important the information, the better we remember it. But, unfortunately, this does not always happen either.
Hormones also have an effect. In women, its deterioration is observed with a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause and gynecological ailments. Thyroid hormones have a strong effect on the processes of storing information. Therefore, it is necessary to eat right, eat food rich in vitamin B2, zinc and iodine.
Provedthat proper nutrition improves memory. The intake of useful components into the human body is mandatory, but they can also be obtained through vitamin preparations.
Memory value
Let's talk about the role of memory in human life and arguments. Its significance is very great. Literally everything that we know and can do happens thanks to the brain, which remembers and stores information, images, situations experienced, feelings, thoughts, and so on. I. M. Sechenov argued that without memory a person would be in an eternal state of infancy, living by instincts, unable to learn anything and master skills.
Memory not only preserves, but also increases our knowledge and skills, which contributes to successful learning and education, self-improvement.
How to develop memory?
You should be patient, because any work process requires effort. So let's look at some memory training exercises:
- Return of attention. You need to sit comfortably in a chair or on a sofa, relax. Choose any object you like, if it is small, pick it up. Focus on it, abstracting from everything. Consider every cell of the subject. Imagine if you were instructed to draw it exactly. If you feel that your attention is leaving, return it to the subject again, but change the viewing angle. Run within 10 minutes.
- A bright flash. We continue to work with the subject, to make it more interesting, choose another. So, we cut off extraneous thoughts and look at it. As soon as you are distracted, at least for a little, immediately close your eyes and visualize it in your subconscious mind, presenting it in the lightest possible color.
- Fragments of one whole. Choose any bright, rich, eye-catching illustration. Examine it for several minutes as a whole, perceiving it as a whole. And then break the picture into parts - squares, 4 or 6. And then, in turn, peer into each fragment, remembering small details, not paying attention to others. Then look at the reproduction again and you'll notice details you didn't notice the first time you looked at it.
We reviewed exercises for training visual memory. In general, there are a lot of them, you can choose a complex for yourself and work with it.
Let's give a couple of exercises to train auditory memory
So:
- Sounds of the street. Walking around the city, we hear a lot of sounds: the noise of cars, the screams of children, the conversations of people passing by, the barking of dogs, and so on. Usually they rush past us, and you set yourself the goal of remembering them exactly, with their inherent tonal coloring, blurring, and so on. Follow a strict sequence. And coming home, for example, from the store, remembering the sounds, reproduce a detailed picture.
- Reading aloud. Read aloud every day for 10-15 minutes with expression and the correct placement of stress. This will develop auditory memory, oratory skills, improve diction.
There are many exercises, and each one is interesting in its own way. The main thing is notstop, if you have already embarked on the path of improvement, go through it to the end, because it does not end there. It opens with new horizons and peaks.
