To determine the moral and volitional qualities, consider each concept separately. Will is the ability of self-regulation at the mental and physical levels, which eventually become personality traits. They manifest themselves in specific situations where difficulties must be overcome.
Definition
In the formation of moral and volitional qualities, not only moral attitudes, the desire for success are taken into account, but also features of the nervous system that are innate, such as weakness - strength, inertia - mobility.
Example: people with a weak nervous system fears are more pronounced, so it is more difficult for them to show courage than strong ones. That is, a person is not strong, courageous and resolute, not because he does not want to, but because he has few inclinations for this.
The good news is that the development of moral and volitional qualities is possible for every person.
Custom approach
One desire to achieve the goal is not enough, no matter what inclinations a person has. In any case, stamina will come in handy,patience, sensitivity and skill.
Besides, even one person can manifest volitional qualities in different ways: somewhere better, somewhere worse. Thus, the will in psychology is a balance between a person and the world around him, a conscious attempt to regulate his activities and behavior in order to overcome all obstacles.
Therefore, there is no single concept of "will" for all people. Otherwise, it would be predictable that one will always succeed and the other will always fail. And this is the trick: anyone can cope, if he finds his balance, he will be able to pull himself together to get the result.
What kind of person can be called a strong personality? This is determined by two factors: the concept of strength and moral qualities, such as adherence to principles, discipline, organization, and the like. And these are the moral and volitional qualities of a person.
In ordinary life, a person's volitional behavior can be determined by several strong qualities that are combined with moral attitudes. For example, it can be heroism in an impasse, or it can be heroism as a self-sacrifice. Therefore, it is important to consider the will in the complex of manifested qualities and circumstances in which a person is.
Classification
To understand what kind of person can be called a strong personality, let's highlight the main qualities of character by which it can be determined. And immediately make a reservation that there are no well-developed all the characteristics of one person. Although each individually can be trained, and at any stage of development.
Moral-volitional qualities divideto:
- Dedication to the goal (persistence, perseverance, initiative).
- The ability to control oneself (discipline, endurance, seriousness of intentions).
- Courage (principledness, courage and dedication).
Let's consider the moral and volitional character traits and their characteristics in more detail.
Dedication
This is the conscious direction of a person towards the realization of his goal. There may be a distant goal in terms of time, the nature of the difficulties in the process of achieving it. Here such strong-willed qualities are manifested as: perseverance, perseverance, patience and independence.
Independence
This implies the ability and desire of a person to act without anyone's help. This is one of the main criteria for the usefulness of the individual. It is manifested in independent decision-making, self-control, implementation of the planned plan and, finally, taking responsibility for one's actions.
The role of parents in the formation of the child's moral and volitional qualities comes first. Independence can be seen in a person even at preschool age.
First, children use this quality to achieve their goals, and then - for self-affirmation. When a child grows up to high school, he uses independence mainly to experience and know himself, to test his abilities.
Initiativity
This is one of the types of independence, expressed in the implementation of such actions that will be the beginning of something new orwill serve as a means of changing the existing way of life.
If you develop this quality, then it turns into enterprise. This is social courage, overcoming the fear of being responsible. This is also a volitional characteristic of the behavior of the individual, is motivation. Developed initiative makes a person energetic, searching and creative. It forms leadership and entrepreneurial qualities.
Patience
In a general sense, this is a continuing counteraction to undesirable factors (more often - physiological (fatigue, hunger, pain, fatigue)) that do not allow reaching the goal in the allotted period of time. This quality begins to manifest itself when a person experiences internal discomfort, an obstacle to the completion of a task, and begins to experience it.
If we are talking about mental or physical work, then there is a feeling of fatigue, which in turn is associated with a state of fatigue. Patience can be shown by overcoming fatigue. In this case, in order to continue effective work, a person needs to attach additional resources.
The time during which he can do this is an indicator of his endurance, it characterizes his patience. This is a general volitional characteristic that does not depend on the type of difficulty being overcome. If we talk about strengthening physical qualities and moral-volitional qualities, then the will also depends on the mental parameters of a person.
Persistence
Striving to achieve. At the present time to achieve the desired,despite all the difficulties and despite unsuccessful attempts. This is the desire to achieve the goal at all costs. An example of a moral-volitional quality: an athlete who is not given a difficult element. If he does not pass after the first - tenth unsuccessful attempt, then he shows perseverance.
This quality also has a negative manifestation - stubbornness. This is a manifestation of stubbornness contrary to common sense. Often a person exhibits this quality because the decision belongs to him, and the refusal to achieve the goal undermines his authority. Speaking of children, this is a form of protest caused by the desire to show independence and initiative. Sometimes this is a rude treatment of adults, ignoring their needs, or, conversely, indulging all children's whims.
This is also a consequence of the desire to assert itself, although rationally - a waste of resources. Stubbornness is based on a person's conviction that a goal is achievable, despite the opinions of others.
It should be taken into account that the opinion about the expediency of working in some direction is also subjective. In fact, it also shows the stubbornness that it is impossible "just because".
Stubbornness is confused with a negative manifestation of perseverance, while this is a negative manifestation of persistence. These concepts are not identical.
Persistence
The systematic and long-term appearance of the will on the way of a person to achieve the goal, despite the difficulties and obstacles. To a greater extent, this quality reflects the purposefulness of the individual and representspurposefulness.
Perseverance is realized through the constant manifestation of perseverance and patience, which leads to a confusion of these two strong-willed qualities. Intelligence tests actually reveal persistence, while persistence depends on:
- human motivation (much more so than perseverance);
- degrees of confidence in the ability to achieve a distant goal in time;
- the presence of strong-willed attitudes to overcome difficulties;
- nervous system (as opposed to the same tenacity).
And it begins with moral and strong-willed education in childhood.
Self-control
This is a composite volitional characteristic, includes several concepts: courage, endurance, determination. It is associated with self-regulation and self-control in emotional terms, as well as self-restraint in emotional response.
It is also defined as the ability of a person not to get lost in difficult or unforeseen situations, as well as the ability to manage their actions, at the same time judiciously and holding back negative emotions. Simply put, self-control is power over oneself. And this is one of the main characteristics of a strong-willed person.
Excerpt
The ability to suppress rash, impulsive and emotional reactions, as well as strong desires and drives, aggression, which can ignite conflict. Such actions of a strong-willed person include:
- physical attack (start a fight);
- passive-aggressive attack (leaving, manslams the door);
- verbal assault (insult, squabble, barb);
- indirect verbal (anger and displeasure expressed to third people, behind the offender's back).
Also, endurance is defined as composure and self-control in conflict. Although the first may be associated with insensitivity and emotional calmness of a person. Another manifestation of endurance is stoicism, the ability to endure unpleasant influences or even suffering for a long time, life's hardships - for a long time.
This quality can be found when an inappropriate or harmful desire is suppressed. Endurance is the inhibitory component of the will (moral stability). It is also the suppression of spontaneity and inhibition of reaction and action. However, endurance is not patience or insensitivity. The first has to do with performing an action and keeping active. The second - with the psychological structure of personality.
Intemperance is the opposite of restraint. It can be caused by the corresponding psychological illness, bad character.
Determination
The ability of a person to make a quick decision in an important situation. At the same time, we are not talking about haste, when the speed of reaction can lead to the adoption and implementation of a rash decision, which will lead to an undesirable result. Determination is determined by two factors at once: the significance of the situation and the time it takes to make a decision.
This is not making a rash decision without hesitation or delay, as this is about frivolity. And it's not taking fastdecisions when a person has all the information and is sure of the correctness of the act. Decisiveness has a place to be when it comes to a person’s uncertainty in a given situation and the likelihood of success in their actions. That is, there is a certain amount of doubt that should be overcome.
There are two points here that are often found in the definition of the concept, but are essentially erroneous:
- timeliness. This has the right to life if there is a clear time limit for making a decision. In other cases, it is about the speed of decision-making, and not about the "right moment" for it;
- the most correct decision. It is a characteristic of the adequacy of understanding the situation and information, as well as the thought process. Right and wrong decisions can be made at any speed. Decisiveness is associated with the time to make a decision, when there is a choice, although it can also be shown in a situation where there is no alternative, and the person knows exactly what he needs to do (for example, throw a pen alty ball).
Determination refers to the time of understanding the readiness and execution of the desired action. For different people, this time is different, and stable.
Sometimes decisiveness is called courage. And although these concepts correlate with each other, they are not identical. In some situations, they really appear together, but still they are two separate and independent qualities.
Determination is characterized by a minimum of time in a difficult situation to make a decision, such as "ready - not ready", when you already know what needs to be done. The time to make a decision in an important situation is a characteristic of a person. In one situation, a person will show more determination than in another, while a brave person is not always decisive. And this difference comes just from sports. In a situation where there is no danger, there is no courage. The indecisive can show courage, while the determined can show fear.
Courage
Synonyms for the concept: courage, dedication, adherence to principles. This is fearlessness, courage and valor - the ability of a person to suppress the instinctive protective reactions of the body that arise in extreme situations, and to manage their behavior effectively.
Three forms can be distinguished separately:
- Courage. A situation where a person knows about the danger, but still performs the task.
- Courage. A person is emotionally aroused by a sense of danger.
- Courage. When fear is replaced by a sense of duty, and a person strives to achieve a socially significant goal.
These are different states and goals for a person and society, and they do not relate to the personal characteristics of a person.
Courage
Courage is aimed at realizing humane goals, at restoring justice. And if these aspects are absent, then it is no longer about courage, but bravado, rebellion, adventurism and the like.
Cowardice is the opposite of courage. It is characterized by such a state of a person when he cannot perform an action that meets moral requirements or is not able to resisttempted to act immorally. This is a manifestation of cowardice.
As a rule, this is due to fear - the biological reaction of a person when assessing a situation as dangerous for important categories (life, prestige), and in essence is a natural desire to avoid danger.
There are no fearless people among he althy people. Willpower is not in the absence of fear, but in the decision to control one's behavior, not succumbing to fear and the desire to avoid danger.
If a person is not aware of the danger, then there is no question of courage. Because such a person does not overcome anything. Courage is about taking risks even when you are afraid, and managing your behavior regardless of it. The smaller the influence of fear on a person, the higher his level of courage shown.
So courage is the containment of one's defense mechanisms and the continuation of the implementation of one's intentions soberly and efficiently, in situations dangerous to one's he alth and prestige. True courage is reasonable.
Integrity
This is the quality of a person who consciously follows some chosen principles (beliefs, views), which are the norm of behavior for him.
Integrity is based on self-righteousness and fairness of accepted orders. There is a set of laws before which everyone is equal. And there are people who are ready to circumvent laws and regulations. They can offer better terms in exchange for some benefit for themselves. The ability to resist temptation and adhere to the generally accepted order is a manifestation of integrity and moral stability.
And thismanifestation becomes a volitional act when adherence to principles threatens a person with a danger to life, he alth and well-being, while a deviation from beliefs for the sake of profit will speak of a person’s unscrupulousness.
Discipline
It is a drive and a conscious desire to follow order. The concept includes endurance (restraint of urges that came at the wrong time).
It has a moral and intellectual component, as it includes generally accepted norms of behavior and rationality applicable in situations of choice. The behavior of a disciplined person is ordered and consistent with all other systems.
This is the ability and desire to manage one's behavior in such a way in order to perform the assigned tasks. It is based on the ability to control one's desires and to subordinate one's behavior to the requirements of necessity. When formed, it turns into self-discipline.
Too strict discipline can lead to passive thinking and an inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Initially, discipline is achieved by motivation either to avoid punishment, or for one's own benefit (carrot and stick method).
Organized
The ability to organize your activities in accordance with certain principles and bring order to your thinking. This is an independent quality of the will: the effective use of one's resources (time, effort) and the ability to make timely changes to plans.
One of the definitions of will in psychology is an organized person,who is not distracted by temptations, organizes his actions and effectively manages himself to achieve his goals.
Diligence
The desire to complete the task efficiently and conscientiously is the main component of diligence (or diligence, diligence). Here, the desire to do the job, to demonstrate oneself, an honest attitude to business are moral and motivational components. There is also a strong-willed aspect: a person has to overcome difficulties, focus on work and make strong-willed efforts to complete it.
If a person shows these qualities not only for personal purposes, but also for the public good, then his actions are already evaluated from the point of view of morality and become moral-volitional. Thus, it becomes possible to satisfy the need for public recognition.
Moral and volitional qualities are general characteristics of volitional behavior, and it is difficult to separate moral and volitional components here. Because these are not just interrelated characteristics, but flowing from one another.
Before each person constantly faces tasks for which efforts must be made. To obtain high results and strong-willed - including. Just as you should not give in to panic and become a victim of your fears, you should not be filled with excessive optimism that distorts the picture of reality.
For many spheres of life, the development of moral and volitional qualities is of decisive importance. The demonstration of some does not guarantee the presence of others and does not entail theirappearance. It also happens that some strong-willed qualities are even mutually exclusive, as in the case of patience and perseverance.
