Of course, each person is individual. But the fact that there are many people similar to each other is also an undeniable truth. How many times on the street have you mistaken a stranger for your old friend? Or, while living in a foreign city or country, did you meet a woman or a man who resembled your parents and become attached to them with your soul?
There are more than 7 billion of us on earth, so there is nothing strange in the fact that appearances and characters are repeated. No matter how strange it may sound, but all people can be classified according to various criteria. Most of all, psychologists love to do this. There are a great many classifications of personality psychotypes, we will consider a description of some of them below in this article.
Removing labels
We have often seen, or even sinned ourselves, how people are labeled: "Yes, he's stupid!" and this one always smiles, for surecrazy", "and that one had an awl in one place", etc. It's a shame, isn't it?
Psychology, as a science, has come up with its own "labels", which not only drive a person into a narrow framework and determine his further existence, but also explain the need for such a person for society, and also describe his uniqueness.
Think for yourself what the world would be like without the brilliant ideas of schizoids, which could not be realized without the purposefulness of paranoids. But for these two characters to find a common language and not kill each other, they just need hyperthym. To take the liberty of conveying this to the masses masterfully can be an hysteroid, while controlling the process and observing that everything is in accordance with the rules will be an epileptoid.
So from now on, before labeling, know that every flaw is the other side of the coin of a bright personality.
Accentuations and psychopathy
When talking about a person's personality, we must be guided by something in order to be able to classify him. Accentuations help a lot in this matter.
What is accentuation? This is a pronounced personality trait that is within the normal range, but under adverse conditions can turn into a pathology.
The question immediately arises: what is the norm? We will discuss this in more detail below.
There is also the concept of "psychopathy", which means a bright form of accentuation.
Accentuation is an accent, absolutely not a pathological personality trait, the core, in fact, on which the character restsa person and around which other necessary features of the modern personality grow. This is the inner beast that you need to feed, but not let him eat you.
Psychopathy is something more. This term means a pathology of character that prevents a person from adapting to the world around him. Psychopathy brings great discomfort either to the person himself or to the people around him. It can come from parents, be the result of improper upbringing, as well as injuries and illnesses suffered in early childhood or in the prenatal period.
What is the norm?
Unfortunately, this is the very difficult question, the answer to which will change from year to year and from nation to nation. "What is good for a Russian is death for a Chinese."
Take an American habit that agitates many Russians－putting your feet on the table. For them - this is the norm, for us - a clear deviation. Excessively gesticulating is the norm for Italians, but not so much for us. Whistle everywhere: both in the house and on the street - for the Bolivians the norm, but for us a bad omen. There are thousands of such examples.
The same goes for norms that have changed over time. Much that was accepted and cultivated in the USSR can now rightfully be considered odd. For example, thrift with things was a very commendable trait, and now it will be called "Plyushkin's syndrome" - a clear sign of a schizoid.
If we see an ordinary person who lives a full life, works, goes on vacation once a year, does not createdifficulties, feels like a full-fledged member of society, does not pose a threat to society, etc., then such a person is usually called normal.
If a person poses a threat to himself or others, this is a deviation, a pathology.
Psychological type
The definition of a personality psychotype is very simple - it is a set of character traits by which you can calculate the type of person. Psychologists have such a skill, but it would not hurt ordinary people to learn a little about this theory.
Classify people according to psychological characteristics began even before our era. Remember: phlegmatic, melancholic, choleric, sanguine? Personality psychotypes, unlike temperament types, divide people into five classes, and even into thirteen.
There are many different psychological schools and, as a result, many classifications. For example, Carl Gustav Jung divides people into introverts and extroverts, Lichko identifies paranoids, epileptoids, sensitives, schizoids, etc. (a total of 13 personality types).
External signs and characteristics of behavior described by these scientists make it possible to draw up a psychological portrait of a person from the first seconds of communication, to know how to behave with her so as not to run into a conflict, not offend or be offended.
A professional needs this knowledge in order to correctly determine the algorithm of actions when providing assistance or to protect the client from making possible mistakes, in the early stages to ward off pathology.
Popular classifications
As alreadyAs mentioned above, there are a great many classifications of personality psychotypes. The description of some types of the same name is somewhat different for each of the authors.
For example, Arkady Petrovich Egides identifies five personality types: paranoid, epileptoid, hysteroid, hyperthym and schizoid. Viktor Viktorovich Ponomarenko supplements them with two radicals (as he calls personality psychotypes): emotive and anxious. Andrey Evgenievich Lichko distinguishes, in addition to the above five, also sensitive, psychastenoid, hypothym, asthenic, labile and cycloid, as well as unstable and conformal types.
Burno Mark Evgenievich identifies nine psychotypes, among them: cycloid (sanguine character), epileptoid (stressed-authoritarian character), psychasthenic (anxious-doubting type), etc.
Let's take a closer look at some of them. We will take as a basis the description of the seven radicals by V. V. Ponomarenko. To determine personality psychotypes, this author uses practical and understandable observations.
Hysteroid radical
The main distinguishing feature of an hysteroid is a weak nervous system. All the forces are spent on making the first impression, after which he is exhausted, so he cannot concentrate on the same tasks for a long time. Successes appear spasmodically, with breaks for the restoration of the nervous system.
To replenish his rapidly dwindling energy, he feeds off of those around him, gaining attention in various ways.
The hysterical radical rejoices whenthey look at it and talk about it.
From such a person one should not expect great achievements, since his knowledge and skills are very superficial. Such individuals crave to know a little about everything in order to impress others at the right time. But it is worth digging a little deeper, as it becomes clear that a person does not have any serious knowledge.
The hysterical radical spends most of his energy on creating an image. He is confident that he is able to solve any problem, even if there is no knowledge in this area. Often creates the illusion of prosperity and success.
Such people do not have a core of personality, because they have been in a state of plasticine all their lives. A person who pays attention to clothes and appearance has a hysterical radical in his character.
Epileptoid radical
The nervous system of such people is weakened. Aggression and tension that accumulate do not find a way out for a long time, and at one "perfect" moment, the epileptoid breaks down on others.
Aggression can be both verbal and physical. Physical and psychological loads have a bad effect on the state of this psychotype of personality. External signs of fatigue are irritability and aggression. After an outburst of emotions, a state of indifference sets in, which gives rise to a feeling of anxiety.
An epileptoid radical easily forgives himself for causing someone a moral or physical injury. Feels strong next to the weak and weak next to the strong.
Paranoid Radical
Uparanoia has a very strong nervous system, it is an energetic and hard-working person. These people always get things done. Due to the fact that he is fixated on one idea, all the forces go to achieve the goal, he does not spray, unlike the hysteroid.
Representatives of this psychotype like to set themselves difficult and seemingly impossible tasks, but they always complete them. Thus, they prove that there are no limits to human capabilities.
However, the paranoid realizes that he will not be able to bring his plan to life alone, so he becomes a leader so that other people help him to bring it to the end.
Paranoids think globally: everything they do is for the good of society.
Emotive Radical
The most important feature of an emotive radical is sensitivity. Emotions and thinking compete for the field of consciousness. These individuals are often alarmists. Strong emotions can turn off thinking completely. Overly sensitive to minor signals. If they admire, then to tears, if they are upset, then to tears too. This happens regardless of their desire.
Prone to empathy, so a pure emotive radical quickly burns out. Such people often associate themselves with art, as they know how to feel it subtly.
It is very comfortable to be with such personalities, they are sociable and unobtrusive, they feel a lie very subtly.
Hyperthymic radical
The main feature of this radical is a strong nervous system. Such a personalways full of energy, but, unfortunately, does not know how to distribute it intelligently, unlike the paranoid. He does not have a single sustainable goal.
Hyperthym often gets excited about any information and is always in a good mood. Such a battery man. Aggression and anxiety are practically not observed. Likes to do everything on the run and does not react to public opinion.
Although there is no aggression, but excessive naturalness can look like rudeness, which becomes unpleasant for others. He does not welcome virtual communication, he loves live life.
However, such people are optional and do not feel the boundaries of morality. But they get to know each other easily and quickly find a common language with everyone.
Schizoid Radical
The schizoid is very different from the previous types, as he lives in his own world, where his own constitution operates. These are incredibly creative individuals, capable of generating qualitatively new ideas that other radicals would not even come up with.
They are a little out of this world, non-contact, renounce society in the name of new ideas. It is difficult to communicate with them, but it is possible if you know the schizoid language. They have difficulty learning even simple patterns of behavior. The schizoid lives and thinks creatively.
Anxious Radical
The nervous system of such a person is weak, she is constantly in a state of anxiety and fear. Afraid of changes in life and new things.
Tries to be as inconspicuous as possible, gray, and also likes to hide. The space around the disturbing radical is always neat, if dim.
To determineIt is enough to look at his appearance for this psychotype of personality: it is dressing in old comfortable clothes, lack of accessories and bright accents.
Appearance of radicals
Hysteroids love to dress brightly so that they can be seen from afar. Women wear bright jewelry and far from daytime makeup. The hysteroid follows fashion, or rather imitates it.
Epileptoids do not share festive and everyday style, all their clothes are for life. This is all because they have no idea what a holiday is. Epileptoid men love short hair and do not tolerate excess facial hair.
Paranoids choose practical, comfortable clothes and often duplicate them so as not to suffer in the future with the choice. They love classic style not only in clothes.
The emotive radical has a very harmonious physique. By the way, such people have harmony everywhere, as they can easily create it. They have a great sense of style, but do not like things that are too tight.
Hyperthym tends to be a little overweight, likes slight negligence and doesn't get hung up on trifles.
The schizoid has no sense of style, he can combine the incompatible. He does not bother with what to wear, takes the first thing that comes across. Absolutely not following fashion, sloppy.
Anxious radical dresses to be invisible. The wardrobe is dominated by black and gray colors. Women do not like jewelry, makeup is also not recognized. They wear the same clothes all the time because they get used to things.
Conclusion
Defineit is sometimes very difficult to determine one’s own psychotype of personality according to these descriptions, since the objects of research are often individuals with psychopathy. The average person may exhibit several radicals or their individual components. Any psychotype of a person with pronounced character traits can use his accentuation for his own good or lose control over it, which leads to psychopathy or pathology. The main thing is to determine in time which radicals are present in your character in order to know what actions can be destructive for you.
