Tolerance in psychology is absolutely the same concept that is widespread in sociology. But in general, it must be said that this term contains a lot of meanings, and is not interpreted unambiguously by specialists in various fields. Although the definitions are similar, this cannot be denied.
Now it is worth considering this term in the context of interpersonal relationships, and also try to focus on the most important aspects related to this topic.
Definition
Tolerance in psychology is a concept that includes tolerance for other customs, behavior, lifestyle and worldview. It is not tantamount to indifference, as some might think. Tolerance in this case is manifested in a person's making a conscious decision not to humiliate the views and all of the above, if they diverge from those that he adheres to.he.
Being tolerant does not mean changing your worldview, abandoning it in favor of someone else's. This quality is manifested in the absence of negativity in a person in relation to people who are different from him. It can be compared to the concept of positive neutrality.
A tolerant person simply allows other people to live according to their own worldview - just like they do to him.
Personality profile
Continuing to study the given topic, it should be noted that tolerance in psychology is also a sign of the mind. People who are characterized by this quality are distinguished by high intelligence, because they manage to evaluate phenomena, events and other personalities without bias, despite the fact that they do not correspond to their views.
Such persons can mark both positive and negative traits, focusing only on the objective side, not taking into account personal interests.
Tolerance in psychology is also a sign of human culture. one who respects other people's beliefs and opinions clearly has a developed inner world.
Politics
Above, it was briefly told about what is hidden behind the concept of tolerance in psychology. This is a fairly simple definition, and now, having de alt with it, you need to study the main types of this quality. There are many, but we will only talk about the main ones.
Political tolerance is the tolerant attitude of opponents to the differences in ideological views that always exist and will be between them. It can also be called the most importanta feature of liberal democratic systems, the purpose of which is to ensure the realization of civil rights. Namely, freedom of association and expression.
In this context, the concept is difficult to consider, since it is related not only to politics, but also to the state and civil society.
Gender differences
Politics is a complex topic, but the one that concerns gender inequality has always been relevant. Although it must be admitted that now, in the 21st century, it is no longer so burning.
But gender bias and stereotypes still exist. They determine the status characteristics of women and men, reinforcing the dominance of the latter and discriminating against the former. There is clearly a negative bias that strongly distorts reality. Because of stereotypes, prejudices become very strong emotional components.
You can discuss this topic for a long time. But let's stop at the definition. Gender tolerance is a quality that manifests itself in an unbiased attitude towards people of the opposite sex, as well as in the inadmissibility of attributing to a person shortcomings taken “out of thin air” just because he is a man or a woman. The people to whom it is inherent do not have ideas about the superiority of someone over someone. They judge others not by gender, but by personality.
Age
This criterion is more relevant than gender. It is often taken into account in the psychology and pedagogy of tolerance.
What can I say? Highlyoften people are prejudiced against the a priori "shortcomings" of others. For example, they dislike the elderly because of their inability to understand modern technology and youth, or the aggression experienced towards teenagers due to their lack of any knowledge or experience.
This is also called ageism - age discrimination. It manifests itself in the readiness to adequately perceive only those people who meet some pre-established criterion. For example, to communicate only with peers, not to enter into a relationship with a girl who is older, etc.
Tolerance, accordingly, manifests itself in a respectful attitude towards people of different age categories. A person with this quality is able to listen to a 13-year-old teenager if he says reasonable things. And a limited person will shrug it off, believing that "adults know better", and rather follow the advice of a not very developed peer.
Physiology
Continuing to list the types of tolerance in psychology, it is necessary to pay attention to this criterion. He is one of the most unfortunate.
The lack of physiological tolerance is manifested in a disrespectful, mocking, contemptuous attitude towards the disabled, sick people, as well as handicapped individuals or those who have external defects.
This is sad. Intolerant people not only offend those who are unlucky in some way (often not even through their fault) - they also do not recognize their freedoms and rights.
Orientation
Another topical aspect that needs to be givenattention, since we are talking about social psychology and tolerance. Times go by, but people do not change - and in the 21st century, many are interested in who loves whom and with whom they share a bed.
People who choose same-sex partners as partners regularly encounter the "gay" characterization. What does it mean? Not the one that is accepted in society - associated with retreat, with the rejection of traditions.
But is it appropriate to say so in this context? After all, what is tradition? These are rituals and habits - something that is transmitted from one generation to another. How can feelings that are absolutely different for all people be inherited? After all, we are talking about something higher - about inner feelings, sensuality, spirituality.
This can also be talked about for a long time. And in this case, tolerance is manifested in the fact that it does not matter to a person with whom this or that individual is in a relationship - he perceives him as a person, focusing on personal qualities that are important in a particular area (personal, family, work, etc..), rather than who he prefers.
Ethnicity
The next aspect that is important to mention. In psychology, interethnic tolerance is not of such interest as its opposite, which manifests itself in racism, xenophobia, ethnocentrism and nationalism. Indeed, in this case it is not just hatred (which, however, is already enough, since this is a destructive feeling). All of the above leads to human suffering, sociallarge-scale conflicts and troubles.
It has been proven that it is in this ethno-racial discrimination, which is based on the signs of skin color, national origin or race, that intolerance is expressed most clearly.
Surprisingly, not all people are able to understand and accept the otherness, differences and peculiar otherness of others. They cannot realize that there is a different mentality, different traditions and behavior patterns, a different culture.
And it's wild. Yes, ethnic groups are different, but we all belong to the same species - to the human, dividing a single planet Earth. This means that everyone, no matter how they look, has the right to freedom and a carefree life without infringement.
The concept of frustration
Now we will talk about something else. If everything is more or less clear with the previous types, then frustration tolerance is a unique concept in psychology. And it's worth dealing with him.
Frustration is a mental state in which a person stays when his desires do not correspond to his possibilities. It also occurs after stress, and can be identified with frustration and vain expectations.
What is frustration tolerance? This is a concept in psychology that denotes the resistance of the individual's psyche to the impact on him of adverse, even difficult stimuli. You can also say that this is the name of the ability to emotionally and psychologically withstand life's difficulties without mental shifts and breakdowns.
MostA “he althy” state is when a person, despite the frustrations that affect him, thinks rationally and calmly, perceiving what is happening as a life lesson, without complaining about himself and others.
Sometimes tolerance manifests itself differently. A person can simply restrain himself so as not to commit impulsive unwanted reactions. Or simply “disguise” with indifference, hiding strong emotions behind it, tearing it to pieces from the inside. But such conditions are not considered he althy.
Other aspects of the topic
All of the above is just a brief description of the concept of tolerance in psychology. Books and dissertations are written on this topic - of course, it can be discussed for a long time. Because in psychology tolerance is a very deep definition. Here are some more of her other species not previously mentioned:
- Problem tolerance.
- Natural.
- Natural.
- Moral.
- Educational.
- Geographic.
- Interclass.
- Marginal.
- Pedagogical.
Intolerance can manifest itself in relation to anyone - to the poor or the homeless, to the inhabitants of megacities or villages, to the rich or poor, to the illiterate or highly educated. Everyone deserves understanding.
There are still levels of tolerance! There are five of them - civilizational, international, ethnic, social and individual.
The approach to tolerance can also be different - diversified, existential-humanistic, dialogic, personal or facilitative.
The nuances thatcontains a topic under discussion, a lot. But any conversation about tolerance always comes down to one conclusion. And it follows from the answer to a very popular question.
Who needs tolerance and why?
The question is very simple, but some people still ask it. However, in every manual and book devoted to the psychology of tolerance there is an answer to it, so that they can complete the topic under discussion.
Many have a negative attitude towards this term and phenomenon. A considerable number of people claim that it came to us from the West. And many also believe that moral nihilism and indifference to religious truths, vices and values that have been formed in society for decades are hidden under tolerance.
But people just made things complicated again. The concept of tolerance in psychology has no hidden meaning. It's simple - if we do not learn to accept the fact that people are different, and they have the right to be different from others, then we will simply be at war all the time.
This feud is pointless and, if you think about it logically, groundless. It just spoils the subjective perception and the unwillingness of many people to restrain it. And then everything is simple - a similar negative unites and generates hatred. But this is the most destructive feeling of all existing. And it destroys, first of all, the one who experiences it, and not those to whom it is directed.
