A very strong emotional feeling is hatred. What is hostility and what events can cause it to appear? Psychologists suggest that a person initially has a need for hatred, which he sometimes realizes with pleasure. We will talk about this negative emotion in this article.
Definition of concept
Hatred is a prolonged, intense, negative feeling that reflects disgust, hostility, rejection of a certain object. They can be both an individual person and a group of people, an inanimate object or phenomenon. This emotion can be caused by the specific actions of the object or its inherent qualities. You can hate an idea that contradicts the beliefs and values of the subject, a phenomenon that negatively affects his life, prevents the satisfaction of important needs for him. A strong negative feeling can be associated with experiencing joy from any failures of the object of emotions, with the desire for all kinds of harm to him and even the desire to hurt him.harm.
Causes of occurrence
The feeling of hatred can arise for the most insignificant and petty occasion. It is the apparent irrationality of such reasons that prompted psychologists to put forward a version about the initial human need for hostility. This feeling can be easily inspired from outside. Wars and other types of social and social conflicts are often accompanied by appropriate propaganda that incites anger between people. Hatred for someone else's, incomprehensible way of life, customs and values provokes the gravest crimes against a certain group of people or an individual. A hostile attitude can arise even in relation to oneself if the individual feels that he does not reach the proper level of his claims. In each individual case, you should find the reason for the destructive attitude towards the object of hatred, then the conflict that has arisen can be resolved, and hostile emotions will subside.
Love and hate
It is generally accepted that these two concepts are completely opposite to each other and are antonyms. However, in various cultures of the world, these emotional phenomena are inextricably linked and represent a kind of unity. Love and hatred can simultaneously be combined in a person in relation to the object of his feelings. Freud spoke about the dual nature of these emotions. The psychoanalyst believed that in intimate relationships conflicts inevitably arise, generated by various contradictions. Some ethologists argue that the simultaneous manifestation of hatred and love is associated with mental and physicalmechanisms that provide both humans and animals with the capacity for deep personal relationships and a natural propensity for aggression.
A possible explanation for the close relationship between love and hate lies in the fact that the more an individual has in common with another person, the more closely he is connected with him and the more he is involved in any relationship. Thus, the conflict between close people always proceeds with greater fury and passion than between outsiders. The lack of common features and interests makes one perceive the opponent more objectively.
Types of hate
The feeling of irresistible disgust can cause anything. According to the object of hatred, several types of this negative feeling can be distinguished. For example, in addition to adult, scientists also distinguish between children's hatred. Usually it is directed at parents after the appearance of a sister or brother in the family. Psychologists call the emergence of such an emotion in children the “feeling of Cain.”
Fear and hate are closely related. A person experiences hostility towards an object that, as it seems to him, is capable of harming him. This manifestation of negative feelings sometimes becomes overwhelming. Scientists distinguish several types of pathologies:
- Misogamy is an acute aversion to marriage.
- Misandria is a woman's hostility to men.
- Misogyny is the fear and hatred of men towards women.
- Misopedia - disgust for children, including your own.
- Misanthropy - hostility towards people in general.
Acceptedconsider that the more educated a person is, the less reason he has to feel hatred, that such a manifestation of feelings is the prerogative of individuals with a low level of intelligence and weak will.
Types of aggression
As mentioned above, it generates a desire to harm your object of hatred. Evil can be caused in many ways, so psychologists distinguish between several types of aggression.
Verbal and physical
The use of physical force to express one's negative emotions is called physical aggression. Hostility expressed in the form of quarrels, swearing, verbal accusations and threats is considered verbal.
Indirect and direct
Direct aggression is directed directly at the object of hatred, indirect - these are actions that act on another person in a roundabout way, through gossip, malicious jokes, as well as disordered outbursts of rage (stomping feet, screaming, and so on).
External and internal
External hostility is directed outward, and internal hostility is directed at oneself. The latter manifests itself in self-abasement and the desire to harm oneself.
Reasonable (he althy) and destructive
The boundaries of aggression are sometimes hard to define. Some see hostility in energetic behavior. If aggression looks attractive and causes sympathy, then it can be called he althy or justified.
This section does not list all types of manifestations of hostility. In this kind of activity, people are often very inventive.
Social hatred
There is a concept that scientists and psychologists commonly call the term "social hatred". What is this phenomenon? Some believe that this is a feeling of hostility and disgust experienced by a group of people. In this case, the object of hatred does not matter. Others suggest that such a feeling is called social because it is directed to a certain group of people or a specific person as a representative of this community. The objects of hostility can be various socially relevant features - gender, race, nationality, sexual orientation, age. In the social sciences, to denote this kind of hatred, there is the concept of "intolerance". There is a narrower understanding of the subject. Sometimes social hatred is called class hostility. At the same time, religious and racial hatred are excluded.
Social hatred is based on the differences between groups, and they are given an irresistible and inevitably leading to conflict. A different appearance, way of life and cultural values become a reason for a serious confrontation. Interestingly, the degree of these differences does not play a special role. Hatred, anger between kindred, culturally close, similar groups (states, religious denominations, peoples) are more fierce than between communities alien to each other.
Hate crime
In some countries around the world there is a special qualification called a hate crime. This term refers to violationscommitted under the influence of disgust towards certain groups of the population. Typically, such a classification increases the severity of the offense committed. In Russia, religious, national, racial intolerance is also an aggravating factor.
In many states, it is also considered a crime to deliberately act to create hatred between groups of people, that such a manifestation of hostile feelings should be prosecuted. For example, in Russia, propaganda of aggression against social groups is a criminally punishable action.
Conclusion
In this article we tried to talk about what constitutes hatred. What kind of feeling can bring a person? On the one hand, in reasonable doses, this emotion mobilizes and calls for active actions, on the other hand, it destroys its subject from the inside, forcing him to commit meaningless and destructive actions. But we live in a world that is based on the struggle of opposites, in which each phenomenon carries its own special meaning. So hatred goes hand in hand with love, is based on the instinct of self-preservation, makes a person publicly express accumulated doubts. A reasonable individual must learn to overcome this negative feeling, to subordinate it to his will and understand the reasons for its appearance.
