Every day every person has to solve an infinite number of problems of the most different levels. For example, choosing what to eat for breakfast is a solution to a problem. Determining the type of transport that will take you to work is also a solution to the problem. Every day people find answers to a huge number of questions related to various spheres of life.
But what is the problem itself? What is included in this concept? It is necessary to have an idea about this in order to find the most effective solution, regardless of which of the areas of life we are talking about.
What is a "problem"? Definition
The problem is nothing more than a complex issue of a practical or theoretical nature, requiring consideration, study, or analysis and solution. Another definition of this concept is the presentation of a problem in the form of a chain of contradictory or complex situations.
In the scientific field, the problem is the presence of many opposite orthe same ambiguous positions in relation to any one phenomenon, object, process, object. A scientific problem, like any other, requires correct formulation, comprehensive analysis and study, development of a theory of solution and its practical application.
In ordinary life, the concept of a problem is simpler. As a rule, it includes two points - the desired goal and the way to achieve it. To obtain a result, the correct formulation of the question and a comprehensive analysis of the problem are also required.
What is analysis? Definition
"Analysis" is a Greek word, the meaning of which in Russian is expressed by such concepts: disassembly, division, dismemberment into constituent parts, decomposition into components. That is, analysis is called a detailed consideration of something, and not a holistic perception.
The definition is as follows: this is a method, a way of researching something, the basis of which is the isolation of individual constituent elements, details and their methodical, comprehensive study.
Analysis is a method of cognition used in all scientific and life fields in relation to absolutely any phenomenon, object, process, subject, action.
What is analysis in relation to a problem?
Since it is possible to analyze absolutely any phenomenon, event, object, or something else related to both the scientific field and the sphere of life, this method is certainly used when solving various issues.
Problem analysis is population planning,a sequence of actions leading from its direct definition or setting to the resolution or achievement of the desired result, goal.
What is included in this concept? Generic representation
The process leading to the achievement of goals or results consists of several mandatory steps that are always present, regardless of which area the problem under consideration belongs to.
Analysis and problem solving in practice are inseparable and include the following points:
- revealing;
- precise definition or staging;
- detailed consideration, collection of necessary information and study;
- finding resolution paths;
- applying and achieving results.
This list of theses can be quite easily illustrated with a simple example observed by all people every day in everyday life.
A person hears an alarm clock, his brain immediately identifies the problem - it's morning. A person stretches, yawns, sits down and thinks about what to do first - wash, visit the toilet room or make coffee. It is the process of specifying a problem or setting a specific problem. A person goes to the kitchen, discovers that the coffee machine has run out of beans, begins to examine the contents of the cabinet shelves in search of packaging or a can of instant drink. This is the collection of information, detailed consideration and study of possible solutions. A person finds a package of an instant drink, opens it, takes out a cup and puts it on the stove.kettle. These actions are finding and implementing ways to solve the problem. A person pours water into a cup and drinks his morning coffee - this is the achievement of a goal, a result, or a solution to a problem.
This analysis of the problem, or rather, the system of stages from identifying it to solving it, is applicable to absolutely any issue or task, regardless of the sphere of life or the level of complexity.
Are there narrower concepts?
Of course, analysis as a way of studying can be related not only to the system of stages from defining the problem to solving it as a whole, but also to each of the constituent moments separately. Let's apply this method of cognition to concepts that are directly related to the problem, but are not part of the path that allows us to achieve its solution.
For example, the analysis of the state of the problem is the study of the phenomenon under consideration, the object, the object, the event, and not any of the stages of the solution plan. Of course, each type of problem has its own analytical methods.
How are problems classified?
Classification of problems for each separate area of scientific or other activity applies its own. For example, the division of problems into types in the field of financial management will differ from the classification used in a kindergarten or an institute that studies nuclear reactors.
Generally, all problems are classified according to:
- system level or global;
- prediction probability;
- complexity.
Globality or the system level is understood as the size of the spectrum of phenomena, objects, objects or something else covered by the problem. For example, the problem may concern the whole of humanity or just one person. Global problems are usually associated with changes in climate conditions, environmental pollution, space cataclysms, natural disasters and other similar things.
According to the probability of predicting, problems are divided into a couple of large types:
- poorly predictable, sudden, self-forming;
- expected, natural, arising for specific reasons.
Poorly predictable, self-forming problems include those that appear unexpectedly, outside the will of a person and regardless of his actions. For example, an earthquake or a short in electrical wiring are poorly predictable and unpredictable problems.
The second type includes inevitable, expected and easily predictable problems. For example, buying school supplies at the end of summer with a child older than seven but under sixteen in the family is an expected and inevitable problem.
What is the difference between a simple problem and a complex one?
Based on the degree of complexity, the problems are divided into two large groups:
- easily and quickly solved;
- requiring a phased achievement of the result by identifying and eliminating related, smaller tasks.
OtherIn other words, problems can be:
- simple;
- complicated.
The hard problem is ending the arms race and achieving peace with open state borders. To solve these questions, it is necessary to solve an infinite number of completely different problems. Thus, complex issues are characterized by internal multitasking and require a separate thorough analysis of the problems of their solution processes.
A simple problem is characterized by one problem that can be solved directly. As a rule, its solution requires a generalized system analysis of the problem, which includes only the main stages. For example, cooking scrambled eggs is a simple problem. Although if a person has to go to the store and buy a frying pan, then the task will become complicated from a simple one.
What is the purpose of the analysis?
The purpose of problem analysis directly depends on what is meant by this term in a particular, specific case. For example, if any concept or idea is being considered, then the primary goal of analytics is a clear formulation of tasks and their setting.
Also, the purpose of the analysis may be to collect information, identify all possible options for solving the problem and other similar points.
Also, analytics can also study the reasons that led to the emergence of any issue or task. For example, the analysis of a social problem includes such items as identifying, designating and studying the causes that led toto some phenomenon, process, crisis or something else. Also, analysts working with social areas study the probability of predicting a particular phenomenon. In addition, the analysis of the forecast of the occurrence of a particular problem is widely used in planning within the trade sphere. For example, the problem of buying presents before Christmas is easily predictable. Analysts study factors such as income levels, demand for certain brands, fashion, and others, on the basis of which a list of recommendations is issued for compiling an assortment and price criteria.
Analysis of the problem of development of a particular industry pursues completely different goals. They consist in designating current priority areas and identifying possible ways to achieve results within them.
What are the methods of analytics?
Of course, analytical work is not limited to finding information through surveys or reading written sources.
Basic Problem Analysis Methods:
- histogram - a visual representation of any quantitative or other data, graphics;
- "checklists" - entering the received information into tables;
- stratification - the division of the available gross material into groups according to specific characteristics or characteristics.
The main difference between stratification and classification is that this method not only divides the available data into specific groups, but also allows you to identify the relationship between causes and effects.
