The monasteries of Moscow and the Moscow region have a long history, many of them played a significant role in the events that took place in the Middle Ages on the territory of Russia. All these monasteries are monuments of history, architecture and ancient Russian architecture, some of them are recognized as a UNESCO world cultural heritage.
Architectural monuments of the Moscow region
In the suburbs there is a large number of historical monuments of architecture and architecture. One of the leading places among them belongs to temples and monasteries. There are a great many of them here. Until 1990, many monasteries in the Moscow region were closed. However, now Orthodox Christians can again not only pray in these temples, but also learn a lot about their history by making pilgrimages and excursions.
These cloisters and temples are a kind of religious centers, as in the days when they were built. Among these cultural monuments there are monasteries near Moscow with miraculous icons that attract thousands of pilgrims. These icons give healing and peace to believers.
Kolomenskymonastery
Kolomna is a city located in the Moscow region, which, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, already existed in 1177. It is included in the cohort of the most ancient Russian cities; a large number of architectural monuments have survived in it to our time. In Kolomna, the Kolomna Kremlin has been partially preserved, and numerous temples and monasteries have also come down to us.
The acting monasteries of the Moscow region with miraculous icons include the Bobrenev Monastery. It is called "The Mother of God-Christmas" and was created by decree of Dmitry Donskoy, who was then the Grand Duke. It began to be built after the victory over the Tatar-Mongol yoke in the Battle of Kulikovo. The name of the monastery was given by the name of the governor D. M. Bobrok, who distinguished himself in the battle with the Golden Horde.
He later became the main builder of the monastery, which received the blessing of Sergius of Radonezh. In those days, the Bobrenev Monastery was a kind of "watchman" and had a key role in the defense of Moscow, as one of the links in the defensive chain in the southeast.
Miraculous icon of the Bobrenev Monastery
The miraculous icon of the Feodorovskaya Blessed Virgin Mary is kept in the Bobrenev monastery. The history of its appearance says that in 1908, during the spring flood, a miraculous list from the Feodorovsky icon of the Mother of God was brought to the walls of the monastery with water. According to legend, this image of the Virgin was captured by the Evangelist Luke himself.
The icon was placed inFeodorovskaya Church, and its very appearance was regarded as a good sign. Soon, believers began to flock to the icon for prayer in large numbers. People began to notice that after praying before the image of the Theodore Mother of God, barren women began to become pregnant. Information about this covered the surrounding areas, and then the whole of Russia. Today, thousands of women come to this image for help in the fight against infertility. It is also believed that the icon helps in strengthening the family and consoling the grief of those who pray.
Since 1613, the image of the Theodorovskaya Blessed Virgin Mary has been the patron and protector of the house of the Romanov tsars, and for this reason, all foreign brides of Russian emperors received patronymic Fedorovna when they converted to Orthodoxy.
Trinity-Sergius Lavra
One of the most famous monasteries of the Moscow region can be attributed to the Lavra called the Trinity-Sergius. This is one of the largest monasteries belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church, which has a long history. In the Holy Trinity Cathedral, the relics of St. Sergius of Radonezh, who is the founder of the monastery, are stored. The monastery is located in the small town of Sergiev Posad.
The founding date of the monastery is considered to be 1337, when Sergius of Radonezh settled in these places. In the Middle Ages, this monastery played a prominent role in the political life of Russia, was the support and inspirer of the people and power. According to historical information, the monastery took part in the fight against the Tatar-Mongol yoke, and also resisted the environmentFalse Dmitryev - and the second, and third, and in the Time of Troubles opposed the Polish-Lithuanian troops.
Lavrovsky Ensemble
On the territory where the Trinity-Sergius Lavra is located, there are numerous architectural buildings created by the best architects of the 15th-19th centuries. The ensemble of the Lavra includes more than 50 buildings that have various purposes, and all of them are under the protection of UNESCO.
More than ten churches have been built in the existing monastery near Moscow. These include the following.
- The Holy Trinity Cathedral, built in the 15th century.
- Temple erected to the glory of the Holy Spirit descended on the apostles, built in the 15th century.
- Assumption Cathedral (XVI century).
- Temple of Nikon of Radonezh, built in the 17th century.
- Church of Solovetsky Saints Zosima and Savatiy (XVII century).
- Church of St. Sergius (Refectory Church) late 17th century.
- Church dedicated to the Nativity of John the Baptist, XVII century.
- Mikheevskaya Church, or the Temple of the Appearance of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Holy Apostles to St. Radonezh, XVIII century.
- Temple of the Smolensk Icon of Our Lady Hodegetria, built in the middle of the 18th century.
- Serapion's tent of the 18th century.
- Assumption chapel above the well (well), created towards the end of the 17th century.
In the churches of this monastery near Moscow, services are held daily according to the schedule, despite the fact that the Trinity-Sergius Lavra is considered a museum complex. The beauties of architecture and the beautifulthe interior decoration and painting of the ensemble will not leave indifferent art connoisseurs who have visited it.
Resurrection New Jerusalem Monastery
The New Jerusalem Monastery is located in Istra. It was founded in 1656 by Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The plan of Patriarch Nikon was such that the New Jerusalem Monastery was to recreate the complex of sacred Christian places located in Palestine.
A unique complex of both medieval and modern buildings has been created in the Moscow region monastery in the city of Istra. As planned by the patriarch, the Resurrection Cathedral was erected in the image of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, located in Jerusalem. It is known for certain that during its construction drawings of the Jerusalem temple were used. The church has three chapels: the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God, the Calvary Church and the Church of John the Baptist.
The Resurrection Cathedral, like its prototype in Palestine, consists of three parts, which are combined into a single architectural composition. A distinctive feature of the temple is the ceramic belt that adorns the facade of the building, and the tiles inside the cathedral. The temple contains unique ceramic order iconostases, which were consecrated by Patriarch Nikon.
Architectural complex of the New Jerusalem Monastery
The dawn of the Russian school of icon painting is associated with the icons of the Moscow region monastery in Istra, located in various churches. They began to be created using new writing techniques and materials, which made them more beautiful and realistic.
On the territory of the monastery there are more than ten buildings belonging to different construction times. These are the bell tower, restored in 2016, the underground church of Constantine and Helena, the Holy Gates and the gate church of the 17th century, the Church of the Nativity and the refectory at it, built at the end of the 17th century. As well as buildings for the daily needs of the monks:
- M alting and blacksmith chambers of the 17th century.
- Brotherly corps.
- Priest's quarters.
- Guardhouses.
- Hospital rooms.
Earlier on the territory of the monastery there was a museum and exhibition complex called "New Jerusalem", in the collection of which there are more than 180 thousand exhibits. However, in 2013 he moved to the other side of the Istra River, where he settled in a new large and comfortable building. Now in this museum you can learn about the history of the miraculous monasteries near Moscow and get acquainted with the numerous museum relics.
Women's Assumption Kolotsky Monastery
The Assumption Kolotsk Monastery is located in the Moscow region, in the Mozhaisk district. Many Moscow and Moscow region monasteries are known for their history and shrines. The Assumption Convent, located in the village of Kolotskoye, is no exception. Previously, the Kolotsk Monastery was male, but at the end of the 20th century it became female. The Women's Monastery near Moscow is one of the most visited monasteries by believers who want to receive healing from various ailments.
The monastery was built in the 15th centuryAndrei Mozhaisky, who was the son of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duke. The construction was started in honor of the appearance of the miraculous icon of the Blessed Mother of God. These lands are rich in history, so in the 17th century the Polish-Lithuanian troops plundered these lands, and at the beginning of the 19th century there were battles with the troops of Napoleon. The Uspensky Kolotsky Monastery was visited by emperors Alexander I, Alexander II, Kutuzov M. I., field marshal, and other historical figures. They came here to bow to the miraculous icon of the Kolotsk Mother of God.
The legend of the appearance of the miraculous icon
A certain poor villager named Luka found an icon in a place unknown to anyone at that time and brought it to his home. At home, he had a sick relative who, thanks to the icon, received healing. Rumor spread this news around the district, and soon brought it to Moscow, where Luke went with the icon.
Luka enriched himself by healing the suffering, and returned home with a lot of money. He built a house and lived a wild life. However, after one incident, everything changed. Once Luka was almost killed by a bear, he came to his senses and began to lead a righteous life. He gave money for the construction of a temple and a monastery and settled in it himself, becoming a monk.
The legend of the place of finding
Later, as the legend says, at the place where the Kolotsk Icon of the Mother of God was found, a healing spring appeared, to which a procession is made on the day of the celebration of the image. The Kolotsk convent can be attributed to one of the miraculous monasteriesMoscow suburbs, a large number of pilgrims and tourists come to these places every year.
Monasteries of the Moscow region are unique historical witnesses of various events and eras. These cloisters are real monuments of Russian temple architecture and pearls of architecture and will appeal to all connoisseurs of beauty.
