In special literature, a closed person is called a schizoid, less often - an introvert. How does he differ from open people, what are the features of his character? Read all about it below.
Key Features
We note right away that it is impossible to link the words "schizoid" and "schizophrenia". The last term is the name of a very specific disease. As for the schizoids, these are normal people who simply have their own characteristics. The use of the definition "closed" is fully justified for the reason that the basic qualities of this type of people are isolation from the outside world, closeness. In this aspect, they are the exact opposite of hyperthyms, whose soul is always wide open.
Appearance features
A closed person in most cases is distinguished by thinness, rather than fullness, density. His face is elongated, the head is often egg-shaped, the nose is straight, the profile is "angular" (observed due to some shortening of the chin). The relationship between a long face, a thin figure and isolation is quite high. However, this combination does not always indicate closeness. Fat people also belong to the category of schizoids, but muchless often.
Movements
As for the motor features of closed individuals, they are distinguished by low dexterity when making large movements. For this, they simply do not have enough plasticity. On the other hand, there is an ability for delicate and extremely precise manual operations, which are important, for example, in the professions of a surgeon and a watchmaker, a jeweler and a dentist.
An introverted person tends to have a distinct, small, slightly jerky handwriting.
Basic values, interests
Inner world is the main we alth of introverts. The nature of the schizoids is such that they are constantly immersed in themselves. The opposite is hyperthyma, open to everything that happens around them. Closed people value their inner world very much, and they often do not care about the outer world, because it seems more rude and primitive than their own fantasies, dreams, thoughts.
The eminent German psychologist and doctor Kretschmer compared introverts to Roman villas, whose facades are very simple, the windows are closed, and rich feasts take place inside. Thanks to this colorful metaphor, he emphasized that the difference between the dim appearance of representatives of this character and their inner world is extremely great. In contrast to hyperthym, an uncommunicative person is characterized by restraint and secrecy. It is impossible to tell from him what "feasts" are taking place in his soul.
Communication
The introverted person in the group is mostly aloof andprefers to remain silent. His contacts are usually limited to a small circle of friends and relatives. Such people are reluctant to talk about themselves, and you can often hear that information from them has to be literally "pulled out with tongs".
No wonder schizoids have difficulty communicating. Secrecy is explained by the reluctance to share their own experiences. Introverts do not feel the need to contact the outside world, because they are quite comfortable on their own. As one poet put it, they seek to "wrap themselves in the silk of their souls." On the other hand, communication really presents a particular difficulty for them, since schizoids feel awkward and inept in the process of communication.
Kretschmer gave another vivid metaphor, where he compared a closed individual with an infusoria, cautiously approaching an unfamiliar object and watching it from behind half-lowered cilia, hesitantly putting forward its tentacles, and then immediately withdrawing them.
Despite their natural desire for isolation, a shy person sometimes suffers from a lack of communication. This is especially common in childhood and adolescence.
Emotional background
The experiences of closed people are peculiar and sometimes seem paradoxical to others. On the one hand, introverts are distinguished by restraint and coldness, on the other hand, they are vulnerable and emotional. Schizoids show a sharp reaction to everything that offends their own values. Often this is a spiritual response to injustice,rudeness, disorder.
Currently, the so-called emotional intelligence is being actively discussed. One of its signs is an understanding of the feelings and moods of others. It is this trait that many introverts cannot boast of. Closed people, of course, suspect that some feelings are raging in you, but they must be informed about this. They build on what is said, while not paying attention to intonation and facial expressions.
Features of lifestyle, attitudes, activities
The inner world of introverts is orderly, and they expect the same from the outer world. Their way of thinking and internal organization are reflected in all actions. For example, it is easy for them to accept rules and follow them. They succeed in the professional field where they are prescribed to act in a certain way. Any deviation from the norm causes irritation in introverts.
At the same time, serious contradictions often arise at work. The desire of the schizoid to always follow the instructions can turn into accusations of formalism. At the same time, the above qualities of introverts are simply irreplaceable, for example, in military affairs or in financial management.
The psychology of the behavior of a person who is closed in himself turns an argument with him into an unbearable process. And all because the introvert is a prisoner of plans, schemes, forms, words. This is reflected in the fact that mental constructions and theories are more convincing and valuable for him than concrete life facts. For the said reasonschizoids often find themselves in opposition, preferring not to mix with fashion, the opinions of others, mass movements. Keeping their distance is not difficult for them. Introverts are often surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery, they are known as originals with notes of aristocracy.
Weak spots
Considering the features of communication with a schizoid, we note that he suffers from an unceremonious invasion of personal space. Such a person never fully opens up even to the closest people. An introvert often surprises those around him at first glance with sudden decisions or unexpected actions. In fact, this behavior is the result of the most difficult experiences and long reflections.
Psychology of schizoid children
These unfriendly and gloomy representatives of the younger generation react very little or not at all to adult criticism. They prefer to avoid big companies and noisy games. Due to a lack of interest, there may be problems with academic performance. At the same time, a closed child behaves in such a way as if he is constantly waiting for some kind of trick from others. As a rule, children of the schizoid type are distinguished by a strong attachment to their mother and find it hard to bear parting with her, even if only for a short time. This is due to the manifestation of fear of being forgotten, abandoned.
Some mistakenly draw an analogy between withdrawn and shy children. At the same time, the former do not want to communicate with others, while the latter, on the contrary, need communication, but do not know how tomake contact.
Where it all begins
The psychology of children of the schizoid type is formed under the influence of many factors. Consider them in more detail:
- The subtlety of mental organization and other psychological characteristics of the child. Closure is especially characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic people. When communicating with their child, parents should take into account that a positive result can be achieved with a sensitive and attentive attitude. Do not rudely invade his inner world in the hope of re-education. Otherwise, the child will finally withdraw into himself, close.
- Closure can be due to conflicts with friends, malaise, misunderstanding of peers. In this case, it is important for adults to find out the true reason for the closeness and gently help the child get out of the situation.
- Introverts often grow up in families with one child. In the absence of experience of communication with a sister or brother, forced to play on their own, they receive incorrect communication attitudes, therefore, their ability to communicate develops poorly. In this case, parents are encouraged to facilitate the contact of the child with friends.
- Lack of attention. When adults try to get rid of the child, he begins to address them less and less with his "trifle" problems and questions. As a result, over time, children and parents simply have nothing to talk about, they lack points of contact. It is important to bear in mind that the psychology of the behavior of a person who is closed in himself is not formed in one day. Therefore, it is quite natur althat parents, for example, after work devote time to some of their affairs. Concern about the situation should be shown when it is repeated systematically. It is important to be interested in the problems of the child, to listen to him.
- Restraint of desires, emotions. Even an adult needs to “let off steam” and share their own experiences. And in a child, this desire is even stronger, because every day is filled with discoveries for him. If children understand that parents do not seek to listen to them, then the process of restraining emotions begins to gain momentum. Such a restriction affects not only the overall development of the child, but also his physical he alth.
- Dissatisfaction with the behavior of the child. The problem of communication in psychology is considered in the aspect of constant censure. At the same time, emotional contact between parents and the child disappears. Adults strive to ensure that the child is properly dressed and shod, and much less attention is paid to his inner world. The causes of the problem can be very different, and at first glance, not entirely serious. For example, a child of the wrong gender, which one would like, or a child interferes with career advancement. As a result, an inattentive attitude results in aggression, timidity, isolation, resentment.
Conclusion
Themes on the psychology of communication are becoming more and more discussed. The reason is that modern people have begun to realize that behavioral errors cause insurmountable obstacles in establishing contact with children, friends,lovers, parents. Understanding the mechanisms of communication allows you to simplify communication, and therefore life itself.
