Prayer is the most important form of worship in Islam. This is essentially one of the 5 pillars on which this religion rests. What time is lunch prayer, morning and evening - every Muslim knows. Every day they do it several times.
Origin
Finding out what prayer is among Muslims, you need to consider where this word came from. It has Persian roots. It translates as "prayer" or "a place for prayers." This name spread throughout the Turkic world. The Arabs began to use the term "salat". It translates similarly.
About the rules
In the Qur'an, the Almighty proclaims: "Perform prayer." Each of the 5 prayers, including the lunchtime prayer, has its own special characteristics. So, each prayer has its own time.
The main unit in prayer is the rak'ah. It is a cycle of performing several actions. At the same time, suras and dua are pronounced, they replace each other in a certain order.
About requirements
To perform, for example, a dinner prayer, a Muslim needs to fulfill several conditions. Yes, he is mandatory.order must first accept the faith. It is forbidden for non-Muslims to perform lunchtime prayers. Despite this, representatives of other religions, atheists, are charged as a sin with their pass.
In cases where a person has remained an adherent of another religion for a long period or has been an atheist, from the moment he comes to Islam, observance of the strict prayer time in the mosque is mandatory for him.
The second requirement is coming of age. In this case, it does not mean legal capacity, but the moment when a person matures sexually. And this time is different for each person.
The third requirement is the mental he alth of the person. If he has any deviation, then he is exempted from following prayer schedules. In addition, it is important that he be in a state of ritual purity. Before prayer, he needs to perform ablution - taharat.
About responsibilities
For everyone else, there are strictly established prayer schedules. It is the duty of every Muslim to perform prayers according to all the rules. However, the rules in Islam allow deviations from the schedule due to force majeure situations. Because of them, the believer may delay the performance of prayer.
Before you read the lunch prayer, you need to say in a whisper or to yourself the intention. You need to pray only in a clean environment and in clean clothes. To pray, it makes sense to change clothes. In addition, during the performance of both female and male prayers, you need to cover several parts of the body -Aurat.
This refers to "shameful" for Islam places on the body. When releasing prayers, you need to turn your face to the Kaaba. She is in Mecca. At the same time, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, if the time of the lunch prayer overtook a person in public transport, he may not turn to the Kaaba.
About actions
Any prayer - whether it is fards, wajibs, sunnats or nafl prayers - is formed from a series of sequential actions that are repeated. Each prayer, including lunch prayer on Friday, is divided into periods - rak'ahs. They are strictly defined sequences of body movements and phrases. They begin by standing while listening to the recitation of the Qur'an. Then they bow to the waist, and then, straightening up, stand up, taking a vertical position. Then they bow down again. It is repeated twice. Every second rak'ah ends with a seat for reading tashahhud. The number of periods for lunch prayers for women, for men, for morning prayers, evening prayers is different.
For women
When it comes to prayer for women, you need to consider that they do not need to announce the adhan and iqamah. In addition, they do not let go of prayers by the whole team. The female representative tries to send every prayer at home, and not in mosques. Women also do not come to Friday prayers. At the same time, she can participate in collective prayers on the territory of the house, being behind the men.
Before the start of the prayers, the female representative must make sure that all parts of her body, with the exception ofhands, feet, covered with non-translucent, dense clothing. It is also important to make sure that the hair is covered and that the wrists will not be exposed during this ritual.
In cases where at least a quarter of her body is exposed during the release of prayers, she can say “Subanallah” 3 times, which will take about 6 seconds. After that, the prayer will be considered invalid. After a person is convinced that each condition of prayer is fulfilled, he is ready to perform it.
Procedure details
Intention is the mental readiness to do something. It is important to realize that the person is going to let go of prayer. It is necessary to mentally think over what kind of prayer will be performed. Otherwise, prayer is not considered valid.
Intention must sound in the head before a person begins to let go of a prayer. It is important to stand up straight, look with your eyes where the forehead will fall when bowing to the ground. It is not recommended to tilt your head and lower your chin to your chest.
Female representatives undertake to put their feet close to each other. Their knees must be connected. There should not be much space between them. It is forbidden to let go of prayers, being alone in clothes that a woman would not wear in public.
It is not recommended to pray in tight clothes. Even if the awrah is closed and no one is around, you should refrain from such a thing.
About the beginning of prayer
Raising their palms to the qibla, Muslim women begin to pronounce the first takbirs - “Allahu Akbar”. Essentially, this isthe beginning of prayer. Until it is completed, a woman cannot get out of it until she brings it to the end.
After performing the takbir, the woman folds her arms over her chest. She places her right hand on the fingers of her left. She does not need to fold her hands over her navel, like the males. She doesn't need to move unless she needs to. She just needs to stand still - the quieter the better.
When you want to scratch, you need to do it only in extreme cases, spending as little time and effort as possible. In this case, you need to stand straight, and evenly distribute the weight on 2 legs. At the same time, the gaze straight ahead is important, it does not need to be taken away, look around. In this position, read the introductory duas “sana”.
Next, the woman asks for protection from the devil. After that, she reads the basmala. Then she reads the surah Al-Fatiha, and ends the reading by saying "Amin". They pronounce it somewhat in a singsong voice - stretching "a" and "i".
At the same time, it is important to note that even with silent prayer, a person needs to hear himself. Some parts of the prayer are pronounced quite quietly. “Reading” only in thoughts, without the participation of the speech apparatus, actually means the invalidity of prayer.
After the Al-Fatiha sura, the next one is read. At the same time, you need to read at least 3 short verses or replace them with one long one. A long verse is equal in length to three short verses. Most often, when a person is taught namaz, he is given short suras, which are listed at the end of the Qur'an.
The second sura is read only in the first 2rak'ahs. In Witr prayer, the second sura is read in each rak'ah. All of these passages are quoted directly from the Qur'an itself. From there they are taken. When the reading of the sura ends, Muslim women pronounce the takbir - “Allahu Akbar”, and then bow to the belt - the hand.
Gender differences
In the hand of the female representatives, there is no need to stretch their backs, like men. You don't have to bow as low as men do.
In the position of the hand, the males wrap their fingers around their knees, while it is enough for a woman to put her hands on her knees so that the fingers are at a close distance from each other. That is, there must be space between them. In addition, it is not necessary for female representatives to keep their legs in a straight position. Instead, they may bend their knees slightly forward.
As for men, the rules are different for them - they need to keep their hands away from their sides. Women, on the other hand, press their hands to their sides. The gaze at this moment should be directed to the feet.
When in the position of the hand, you need to praise Allah three times, saying “Subhana robbiyal-azim”. It translates as "The Great Lord has no faults." This phrase is said in an even and calm tone.
When straightening, you need to say “Sami Allah Liman Hamidah”, this must be said until the body again assumes a completely vertical position. When the person finally straightens up, he says “Robbana wa lakal-hamd.”
In this position, you do not need to put your hands on your chest, they need to be lowered to the sides. Needwithout fail to fully straighten up for this. The gaze should be directed to the place where the sajdah is performed. The same applies to standing - qiyama.
These actions are followed by a prostration. When doing it, Muslim women say "Allahu Akbar". For men, it is important not to lower the torso before both knees are on the floor. For women, this rule is not written - they can immediately bow down.
At the same time, female representatives need to bow in such a way that the stomach is pressed against the hips, and the hands are pressed to the sides. In addition, they need to leave their feet on the floor, folding them to the right side.
Men should not place their hands on the floor when bowing. However, women, on the contrary, need to put their whole hand. Having sank into this position, you need to say “Subhana robbiyal-ala” three times. It is important to remain calm and take your time.
Having made the first bow, you should sit on the floor with your left hip, and then say "Allahu Akbar." At the same time, you need to straighten up, folding your legs on the right side of the body, placing your left leg on your right shin. It is important to consider that it is impossible to make a second earthly bow without straightening up.
Next, you need to put your palms, fingers pressed against each other. It is necessary to fold them in such a way that there is no free space between them. The gaze is directed to the knees. In this position, you need to stay for a period of time sufficient to pronounce "Subhanallah". A complete list of all actions is contained in the Koran.
About Friday prayer
Juma prayer isobligatory mass Muslim prayer. It is produced on Friday, while at the midday prayer in the mosque. How to perform Jum'ah prayer correctly is written in the Qur'an.
Responsibilities
This prayer is mandatory sent by men who have already reached the age of majority. It is desirable for female representatives, but it is not necessary to fulfill its conditions. The same goes for physically disabled people. At the moment, theologians point out that it is undesirable for women to attend collective prayers, and this requirement applies entirely to Friday prayers. Anyone who converted to Islam is forbidden to stop this prayer without a good reason. But if we are talking about natural disasters - frosts, threats of avalanches, downpours - then it is not necessary to send a prayer.
About order
Even before prayer, an important condition is the ablution of a Muslim. He needs to trim his nails while wearing clean and festive clothes. It makes sense to use spirits. In no case should you eat foods that have pungent odors - garlic, onions, and so on.
Before the beginning of the prayer, the second azan is said, a sermon is read - the khutbah. It is divided into 2 parts. Between them it is recommended to sit down for a while. After that, the believers, together with the imam, proceed directly to prayer. At the same time, performing a prayer on Friday gives the right not to perform prayer at noon.
About reality
It is necessary to remember the strictness of the rules in Islam in order for the prayer to be consideredvalid. So, prayer should be read in the territory of large settlements. In each settlement, to perform Juma-namaz, you need to gather in one place. But if Muslims in the same territory performed this prayer in different places, only one of them will be considered valid - the one that was sent before the rest.
In order to conduct Friday prayers, the imam undertakes to obtain permission from the local authorities. It is important that the time of departure of the prayer coincides with the time of the noon prayer. It is necessary that at least 1 sane man attends the sermon. The mosque where prayer takes place should be open to everyone. The exception is buildings that are closed for safety reasons.
About undesirable activities
In addition to the above prohibitions, there are a number of actions that are not prohibited. However, they are highly discouraged. This list includes being late to the mosque. Muslims should always strive to get to places of prayer well in advance.
This refers to all kinds of religious rituals that are prescribed in the Koran, performed in mosques. The thing is that a late person will interfere with those who have already begun to pray, the attention of believers will switch to him for a moment. The one who came later than the rest should in no case take a place in the forefront, stepping over the Muslims. You can not walk between the rows and cause inconvenience to anyone. In addition, during the sermon categoricallyit is forbidden to talk, distract others. The ban of this kind comes into force as soon as the imam ascends to his place, from which he reads the text of his sermon.
