In the city of Moscow, in the historical district of Kadashevskaya Sloboda, there is a beautiful church of the Resurrection of Christ. It is called the Zamoskvoretskaya pearl. Having passed through the difficult milestones of Russian history, he retained his charming appearance and spirituality. After the temple was closed in the thirties of the last century in the early nineties, Christian life returned to it.
The beginning of the story
The temple was built in the 17th century. It owes its name to the large and rich settlement of the city of Moscow. She was in Zamoskvorechye, next to the Kremlin. The settlement (Kadashevskaya) owes its name to the ancient craft of Moscow residents. Approximately in the XV-XVI centuries, local craftsmen made cadias (barrels) here.
In the middle of the 17th century, Kadashevskaya Sloboda became the center of Moscow's weaving infrastructure. Approximately in 1658-1661, the royal caddy yard was erected here, which became one of the first Russian manufactories.
He specialized in the manufacture and supply of fabrics to the royalyard. As a result, Kadashevskaya Sloboda turned out to be inhabited by khamovniks, state weavers.
The Church of the Resurrection of Christ was an Orthodox center outside Moscow even before the formation of Kadashevskaya Sloboda. In those ancient times, its wooden structure was located at the intersection of two major roads of the Moscow state, going from Belokamennaya to the south. This fact distinguished the church from other Orthodox buildings in Zamoskvorechye.
The historians found the first mention of the church in the charter of Patrikeev Ivan Yuryevich, Moscow voivode, prince. In 1493 he mentioned the Church of the Resurrection in the Muds. Such an unusual comparison is due to the fact that at the location of the church, the Moscow River overflowed strongly in late spring - early summer. This made the embankment, coming directly to the temple, swampy, viscous, difficult to pass.
From the first half of the 17th century, approximately from 1625, there are regular records of the temple in Kadashi in the Patriarchal books.
Rebirth, new trials
The stone church building was first erected in 1657. Its existence was short-lived, about 30 years. In its place, in 1687, they began to build a new five-domed two-story temple. Funds for the construction were raised by residents of Kadashevskaya Sloboda. Fragments of the old stone structure were partially included in the new building.
The construction of the temple took eight years and ended in early 1695. In January of the same year, the patriarchAdrian consecrated the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashi.
Historical records show that this religious building of the Russian Orthodox Church was remarkable. Its walls are painted with red lead, the domes are gilded. The decor of white stone is painted yellow, which gave the temple a golden hue. The stone seams were painted blue, which created the impression of an airy structure, surrounded by a light bluish haze.
In 1695, a hipped six-tiered bell tower was erected next to the church. In height, it reached more than 43 meters. It was a tapering octahedron with spans. In the 18th century, such forms were very popular in Russian architecture and were associated with tents. The bell tower was nicknamed "candle" by the inhabitants of Moscow. At the same time, everyone noted her elegant style.
As a result of all these reconstructions, the Church of the Ascension of Christ in Kadashi has become a truly outstanding architectural monument of the so-called "Naryshkin" or "Moscow" baroque. This style was in great demand at the end of the 18th century. The temple served as a role model for many other Russian churches.
There were four altars and a majestic iconostasis in the Kadashevsky church. The icons were divided vertically by wooden columns, of which there were fifty-two. The iconostasis itself was gilded with red gold. Its uncarved parts are painted in shades of blue. The iconostasis has not reached modern times. It was gradually looted after the 1917 revolution. Some of his icons, divided, are in various places - in the Historical Museum, the Ostankino Museum, inTretyakov Gallery.
Got to the temple in Kadashi and during the war of 1812. He survived the fire, which killed the old paintings, which were made by the royal iconographers. A new painting on the walls was carried out only in 1848, the iconostasis was then again gilded. Wall images partially survived to this day.
After work to restore the interior of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in 1849, it was re-consecrated. However, restoration and construction work continued until 1862.
Temple bells
The main bell of the temple in Kadashi was cast in 1750. Its weight was about 400 pounds (about 6.5 tons). It was not the largest Moscow bell, for example, in the Moscow Kremlin in the Assumption Cathedral, a large bell weighed about 65 tons. However, the uniqueness of the bell of the temple in Kadashi was different, it was placed on the highest bell tower in Moscow in the 18th century.
After the temple was closed in the 30s of the twentieth century, church bells disappeared. In the early nineties, some of them were discovered at the Bolshoi Theatre.
Rector Nikolai Smirnov
A special role in the life of the temple was played by priest Nikolai Smirnov, whom grateful Moscow residents awarded with the nickname Kadashevsky. He headed the parish at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and, as rector, was distinguished by innovation and asceticism. So, he organized a sisterhood at the temple, opened an almshouse, a shelter for children. During the First World War, two infirmaries were equipped for the wounded in the temple annexes. Smirnov dismissed the church choristers and created a folk choir. Under his leadership, he was recognized in Moscow as the most organized, slender and perfect.
Closing the temple, difficult times, restoration
The temple was closed for parishioners in 1934. It began to house a variety of government agencies. So, in its premises until 1977, the physical culture club of the sausage factory functioned. A fruit and vegetable cannery was built on the territory of the churchyard.
However, the temple in Kadashi was not forgotten. In the period from 1946 to 1966, the famous Soviet architect Galina Alferova carried out tremendous work to restore the temple. He was returned to the appearance that existed before the revolution.
After the completion of these works, in 1964, the temple buildings with the territory were leased to the restoration art center named after I. Grabar.
Return to the bosom of the church
The return of church life to it took place in 1992, when the parish community of the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi was created. However, the desire of believers to finally occupy the original Orthodox temple places was not realized soon. Their confrontation with the restoration center continued quite actively and for a long time, sometimes turning into open skirmishes.
The final resettlement of believers took place in 2006, when VKhNRTS them. Grabar moved to a new building in Moscow, Radio Street.
In December 2006, the temple in Kadashi in Moscow was officially handed over, withsigning the relevant documents, the Russian Orthodox Church.
Sights of the temple
Now there are two chapels on the territory of the temple: the first - in honor of the royal martyrs; the second - in the name of the Pochaev Mother of God.
The temple is proud of its shrines, among which:
- icon of Job of Pochaev of the 17th century and part of his relics;
- handrails (sleeves) of Amphilochius Pochaevsky, ascetic;
- relics of Saint Eutropius of Rome;
- particles of the relics of the martyrs of the Time of Troubles;
- brick from the Ipatiev House with the image of Nicholas II.
On the territory of the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi Moscow, since 2004, a small local history museum called "Kadashevskaya Sloboda" has been operating. Its initiator was the rector of the temple - Archpriest S altykov. Museum expositions tell about the history of the settlement, about the people who lived here and their way of life.
Battle of Kadashi
In the period from 2009 to 2010, the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was at the epicenter of confrontation between the residents of this area of Moscow and a construction company. The latter planned and has already begun work on the construction of a complex with the name "Five Capitals". At the same time, work was even begun on the demolition of buildings that were under state protection. Joint protests by residents of Moscow and parishioners of the temple, who were called in the media the “Battle of Kadashi”, led to the fact that the demolition of historical buildings was stopped and the development plan was sent for revision.
Prospects for Kadashevskaya Sloboda
Currentlytime, after a lot of work, during which there were negotiations with investors and the leadership of Moscow, a decision that suited everyone was made. As a result, the area planned for development has been reduced by three times. Excluded construction in areas adjacent to cultural heritage sites. The height of buildings under construction in Kadashi is designated as not exceeding three floors, which in meters is about 14.5. Only low-rise buildings are allowed.
Such restrictions were established in order to ensure the visual perception of architectural monuments of the city of Moscow.
Temple location
Address of the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi: Moscow, second Kadashevsky lane, house 7. Nearby is the Moscow metro station "Tretyakovskaya". The temple stands in a secluded Zamoskvoretsky corner, surrounded by houses of the 17th-18th centuries.
