Very many people who were born in a Muslim family and adhere to the religion of Islam do not know how or incorrectly perform such a religious act as prayer. Some justify themselves by the fact that there is a lot of work, study, housework, so they have no time to read the Koran according to the rules and pray. Many Muslims put off their self-education in the religious sphere "until tomorrow", but in fact, all this is just an excuse for himself.
Truely believing Muslims believe that such thoughts are wrong, since no one is immune from an accident, and tomorrow simply may not come, which means that a non-practicing Muslim simply will not go to Paradise. Prayer does not take much time, especially if performed correctly, and it will also become the main obstacle between a person and shaitan, it purifies the heart and thoughts. Sutra al-Ankabut verse 45 says: "Indeed, prayer frees from abomination and sin." "But isn'tDoes the mention of Allah comfort the heart?" (Sura 28).
What is prayer?
Let's figure out not only how to read namaz, but also what it is. So, the correct definition of this concept will be - the main type of worship of God (in the Islamic religion, this is Allah). It is one of the five pillars of the religion and occupies a very important place in the life of Muslims, because every day they must pray five times.
Before you start reading the prayer in the correct form, you should understand its direct meaning. The word 'prayer' means 'prayer' or 'a place to pray'. This definition is popular among Turkic-speaking Muslims, since the Arabs say "salat" instead of the word "prayer". And in the Qur'an there is a saying of the Almighty: "Do prayer, pay sakah, and hold on to Allah."
Features of reading namaz
How to read namaz correctly is taught not only in special religious schools - you can get advice directly in the mosque itself. Each prayer has its own special features. There are five of them in total - this means that five times a day all Muslims who profess Islam must stop their vital activity and read a certain prayer designed specifically for this hour.
To read namaz correctly, you need to know not only the correct time, but also how many cycles should be done this time. Its main part is the rak'ah or cycle, which consists of special actions during whichcertain suras and dua are pronounced. In order to read namaz correctly, it is necessary to follow the correct order in reading the suras and dua, they follow each other in the form as indicated by Allah.
Practice reading namaz
In the Muslim world there are four theological and legal school institutions called madhhabs. How to read namaz correctly according to the canons of a particular school is spoken out in special lessons. These differences show a different interpretation of the revelation of the whole of God's prophecy, which mutually enriches and fills the prayer with a special love of enlightenment. Plus, reading always takes place at a certain time. What time they read prayers in a particular region of the planet must be checked at the mosque (usually there is a schedule of all prayers for a given day).
In the Russian Federation, two schools are most widespread - Imam Numan ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa and Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi. In everyday practice, you can read namaz for men and women using the knowledge of one madhhab, but in difficult life situations it is allowed to resort to the rituals of one of the other Sunni religious schools.
Basic terms Muslims should know
Is it possible to read namaz without knowing the meaning of all the terms used? According to all Muslim canons, it is definitely not worth doing this, since you can choose one or another explanation incorrectly and religiously harm your practice. So, there are a number of basic terms that will help all newly minted Muslimsunderstand how to read namaz correctly for beginners:
- Salat. The word is in the singular, if it is necessary to say this term in the plural, then it would be correct to pronounce - salavat. According to lexical norms, this word means dua, and in religious form, this is the moment when a believer says a prayer according to all the necessary canons, which contains ruqons and dhikrs. Salat is considered one of the Islamic pillars. Salat is also understood as a dua in honor of the prophet, the direct translation of which is: "Bless and greet the prophet Muhammad and all his family." This dua is uttered as a request, asking Allah to be honored throughout the world and in eternal life. This shows the worshiper's affection for the messenger and maintaining his path in the form of respect for his words.
- Takbir is translated from the religious language as "pronounce the word".
- Kyyam - "stand on your feet".
- Qiraat means "to read any part of the Qur'an".
- Ruku translates as "tilt" in lexical designation. And in the religious part of Islam, this is a bow that believers make after reading the holy book.
- Kavma is an action in which the arm is straightened and remains in this position for the time of pronouncing certain words from the Qur'an.
- Saja explains how to read prayers for men and women during earthly worship. During this action, part of the face is applied to the floor, the ground. This procedure magnifies the power of the Almighty.
- Sajdatain is the samethe same as saja, only the prostration is repeated twice continuously. Sometimes in explanations that explain how to read namaz, the word "sujut" appears, which also means prostration.
- Jalsa - has the meaning of the action "sit" during the period of prostration. It looks like this - one prostration is made, then the worshiper straightens up in a sitting position and pronounces certain words: "Glory to my highest Lord!".
- Qada - sitting posture when reading tashahhudah or greetings. Kadu is performed after the performance of two rak'ahs of prayer, and the words of greeting are as follows: "Greetings to Allah, all prayers and the best words, peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah, His blessing, peace be upon us, his righteous servants. I testify that there is no one but Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is his messenger and prophet."
- Rakaat is a part of prayer in which words and actions form a complete prayer. For example, qiyam, ruku and double sajja are one rak'ah. Two rak'ahs include two qiyams, two double sajdahs and two inclinations - a hand. How to read prayer, which consists of four rak'ahs? This will be discussed below. The first rak'ah is called kadau-ulya, the second rak'ah while sitting is called kadau-akhira. The next three and four rak'ahs, respectively, will include an increased number of times of the above ritual actions.
- Shaf, or a couple, is a separate name for two rak'ahs that make up prayer. To understand how to read prayer correctly, you should know the difference between the terms "shafu-awwal, used to determine the first two rak'ahs and "shafu-sleigh" for the next two. With a triple rak'ah, the third will also be called "shafu-sleigh".
Correct performance
It is believed that it is precisely by the way a Muslim fulfills the instructions of Allah - reads namaz, that a judgment will be made about the affairs of a person. In al-Awsat 2/13 it says that on the Day of Resurrection, Allah will consider only the zeal with which a person approached prayer to him, and if it was sufficient, then all his activities will be determined as good, and if the prayer turns out to be wrong and it turns out that it was uttered without real unconditional faith, then his deeds will be worthless. "So is it really impossible to learn how to read prayers correctly for women and men, so as not to anger the Almighty?" Muslim believers ask.
The easiest way to develop the habit of daily prayer is to visit the mosque and keep a close eye on the congregation. But how to learn to read namaz if most of the suras are pronounced in a whisper? To do this, you can turn to our modern technologies and watch videos on Internet portals that help Muslims learn the correct pronunciation of prayers. Perhaps this option is suitable for rooting the regular reading of prayer for both women and men.
Video Tutorials
Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to come to prayer after the adhan at the exact time due to the presence of daily work, thereforeanother question: "Is it possible to read namaz without visiting a mosque?". In such cases, it is worth turning to video tutorials for help. This option is also perfect for more shy people: who have learned all the rules for performing prayers, but do not yet have complete confidence in their actions and pronunciation.
The world does not stand still, and in the Muslim environment, convenient and comfortable religion lessons have long appeared that can be viewed at any time. This is a great option for beginner men. How to read namaz on video, you ask? Very simple, you just need to repeat the pronunciation correctly. After all, it is often impossible to convey the exact sounds from Arabic using the Cyrillic alphabet. In fact, learning from videos is much easier than going to a mosque and trying to learn something you never knew. So, for example, at any time you can stop the video and double-check the correctness of your speech or write out tips for correct pronunciation.
Where to start?
In the end, how to read namaz for beginners? It is necessary to learn well how Ghusl and Wudu are performed, at least three not very long suras from the Koran, as well as the Fatih sura, and of course to have an understanding and knowledge of those words and duas that should be pronounced in prayer. It will be important to remember what time they read prayer. In addition to everything, you need to know the very principle of prayer.
Do not despair at first, making mistakes, this does not mean that prayer will not be counted, because the hope for the forgiveness of Allah always remains in our hearts, especially whenprayers are said from the heart. Reading prayer for both a novice woman and a man can be performed according to several schemes. For example, there are two-, three-, four-rakah prayers, where one rak'ah is one belt bow and two saj or prostrations.
What is Ghusl?
Before entering God's abode, all Muslims should perform a special ablution. There are two types of ablutions: full and small. It is performed before any prayer, even at an early time, if it is cold outside (in mosques, the places for ablution are mostly outdoors) and the morning prayer is read.
The full is called Ghusl, it is also defined as a religious purification. From the definition, one can understand that not only hands and feet are washed, but the whole body is completely washed. Most often, Ghusl is performed after defiling the body (both illness and a long journey are attributed here).
For Ghusl, first of all, you need to express the very intention to be cleansed, it must come from the heart. After that, God's name "Bismillah" is pronounced, and then separate parts of the body are washed in turn: hands, genitals, three-fold washing of the body, starting from the head. All actions in ablution occur first on the right side, and then on the left, for example, the right shoulder - the left shoulder. In addition to everything, a full ablution includes cleaning the oral cavity and nose, washing the navel zone and the entire area where there is hair. For women, a simple pouring of water over the head is allowed if washing all the hair is difficult at the moment. But the water must necessarily reach the roots, and after a wet handrun along the entire length of the hair and remove pollution from them.
During the Ghusl, it is forbidden to read any prayers. There are cases when a person has a limited amount of water, then only the whole body is washed, without rinsing the mouth and nose. Some religious figures believe that Ghusl includes a small ablution, roughly speaking, it is its replacement. And this works even if the Muslim has not determined for himself the intention to make a full purification, instead of a partial one. However, if during Ghusl a defilement was made, for example, dirty water flowed under the feet and standing in the same water a person washed his feet, then there is no need to start a complete anew, but Wudu should be performed.
So, in general, Ghusl consists of eleven farz (steps) - rinsing the mouth, cleansing the nose, washing the body, genitals, face, in particular the part under the eyebrow, if there is a mustache and beard, then rinse the skin under them, navel, entire hairline and more. That is, all of the above boils down to washing the body, but what can violate or defile this procedure?
There are several serious reasons in Islam, and if one of them suddenly happened, then you should do a full ablution (in the case of Wudu) before starting any prayer.
What is body desecration:
- Intimacy or wet dream, that is, the release of semen without sexual intercourse (this also includes masturbation, although it is generally prohibited by Islam, or any touch with lustful thoughts).
- The female half -menstruation or bleeding after childbirth.
- Intimacy with a dead person or animal with any consequences.
- Seminal discharge after sleep. A person may not remember that a dream, for example, combined activities associated with intimacy. The same applies to the unexpected discovery of semen after intoxication or loss of consciousness (fainting).
- Washing a dead person (before a funeral).
- The birth of a child, even without blood.
- Conversion to the Islamic faith by an unbeliever.
It doesn't matter how many defilements there were at a time, a full bath should be taken only once.
What is Voodoo?
But a short ablution, designed to cleanse individual parts of the body before performing prayer, is called Wudu. It should also be used when a person plans to touch the Koran or perform any other worship prescribed in the holy book.
In all Shariah schools, performing Wudu is almost the same and consists primarily of intention coming from the heart itself. Then the already familiar word "Bismillah" is pronounced and the hands are washed three times. Three handfuls of water are collected in the palm of your hand and then poured into the oral cavity, thereby rinsing the mouth (three times). This is followed immediately by the same triple washing of the nose. The face is washed three times, and if a man has a mustache and a beard, then he should also wash the skin under them, thinning his hair with his fingers. Hands are washed in sequence: right and left. First, the fingertips are washed, gradually rising andending with elbows. And the elbow must also be washed. The whole action is repeated three times. After, the head is rubbed. Water should get on the skin. Then the next step is washing the ears and the last to wash the ankles and feet, also three times. When a Muslim has completely completed the religious ablution, he pronounces words in the name of Allah that there is no more worthy of worship than Allah, who has no comrades like himself, but Muhammad is his messenger.
There are times when even for Wudu there is not enough time, then you can do the bare minimum: wash your face once, your hands completely, including your elbows, rinse your scalp with water (you can use your fingers), wash each foot once with ankles, well, express with your heart your inner intention to indulge in prayer to Allah.
As with ghusl, Voodoo also has its own principles that violate it. Let's break them down:
- Firstly, this is the performance of personal toilet affairs, in particular, everything that comes out of the anus and anterior passage. Only the outgoing air from the female genital organs is not considered. Immediately touching the anus or the genitals (no matter whose). By the way, touching women is also forbidden in one of the madhhabs.
- Second, procreation, even without blood.
- Third, opening a purulent place on the body.
- Fourthly, the exit from the body of any substances through vomiting.
- Fifth, the presence of blood in saliva.
- Sixth, sleep in a supine position.
- Seventh, alcohol or drugsintoxication, as a result of which there was a loss of consciousness or a person made crazy attacks. This also includes noise and laughter during prayer.
But besides the defilement of the body, there are also conditions under which ablution is counted. So, for example, water should be clean, but if there is no clean source nearby, then land can also be used. Of course, everything that interferes with ablution is removed from the body: shoes, socks, gloves, a scarf, a hat, and even products such as nail or hair polish, glue or other substances applied to the skin. If the substance is difficult to completely wash in one sitting, then you should not rub the skin to the holes, such ablution will also be considered passed. That is, something that does not prevent water from reaching the skin is not considered a defilement (for example, a drawing on the hands made with henna or a pen). Plus, any process that defiles the body during ablution must be stopped (urination or menstruation and bleeding from a woman). This item does not apply only to people suffering from chronic diseases (sometimes gas incontinence). By the way, if a person has a false jaw, then it remains inside while rinsing the mouth, since it is difficult to remove it.
A couple of words about water for washing. It can be either ordinary fresh or even carbonated and mineral. And this is what Muhammad said about the water from the sea: "It is clean and suitable for performing Ghusl or Wudu, and everything that died in the sea can be used as food." Ablution can also be performed using snow, only it is mandatorymust melt on the skin, otherwise the whole meaning disappears. In general, any liquid that heaven spills on the earth is allowed by Islam for both full and small ablutions.
Basic prayer rules for beginner men
How do men who have just come to the religion of Islam read namaz? Let's start with two rak'ahs. Before prayer, believers perform the purification ritual described in the previous two blocks. The next thing a person takes off his shoes and enters the mosque. But in which direction to pray if a person cannot visit the mosque at the moment? Always and under any circumstances, the prayer should turn his gaze only to the Kaaba. Iqamat is read first, according to which a person pronounces words in Arabic, meaning that Allah is the most important and there is no one who could compare with the only God, that Muhammad is his messenger and everyone should hurry to the prayer that begins now, because only Allah is above all in life, and there is no other God but him.
Next, the intent is expressed. It comes from the very depths of the heart, and is the phrase: "I intend to perform a prayer consisting of two rak'ahs now in the morning and all this will be in the name of Allah." This can be said to oneself, but it is necessary to determine in advance how many rak'ahs will be done in one prayer.
The next step will be to raise your hands to your ears, while the palms turn towards the sacred stone of the Kaaba. The pads of the thumbs should touch the earlobes, the rest of the palm straightens and the ends of the fingersrush upward. It is very important to know that covering the ears with the palm of your hand or turning them towards the ears is strictly prohibited. At the same time, the original takbir is pronounced. The body at this moment stands motionless and straight, not hunched over. You need to look with your eyes where the prostration will continue, however, even here it is forbidden to tilt the neck down and touch the sternum with the chin. Feet should be parallel, and the distance between the feet should be at least four fingers.
After performing Takbir, you need to stand in the Qiyam position: the thumb (or little finger) of the right hand grabs the wrist of the left, and in this position both hands fall on the part of the abdomen located slightly below the umbilical opening. At the same time, the gaze is directed to where the forehead will be located during the prostration. Without taking your eyes off to the side, you should start reading Qiraat, which begins with the dua "sana" and follows to Ruku. The meaning is the same: the chanting of Allah. The one who prays seeks refuge in order to hide from Satan, who is beating him with stones.
The first rak'ah begins in the same position. A person reads Surah Fatih, which means that only Allah can lead all sinners on this earth. Without changing position, you need to read another sura, at will. For example, you can choose "Al-Kawthar", which speaks of the bestowal of al-Kawthar, that is, of countless blessings, and the importance of performing prayer for Allah, as well as providing a sacrifice (literally, "slaughter a sacrifice"). However, for beginner men, you can limit yourself to Surah Fatiha, however, you should not practice for a long time.simplified version. It is better to gradually start learning the rest of the suras.
After a bow is made with a straight back and the words "Allahu Akbar" or "Our Allah is great" are pronounced. At the same time, the fingers are spread apart and placed on the knees, but the legs with the back remain still straight. Ultimately, a ninety-degree angle forms between the hips and the abdomen. The gaze rushes to the toes and the phrase "Subhaana rabiyal azym" (Glory to my Great Lord) is pronounced. It can be said several times, but at least three times.
Straightening up, they say one more phrase: "Samiallahu liman hamidah. Rabbana wa lakal hamd" (Whoever praised Allah, he heard him). And then a saja or earthly bow is performed, accompanied by the words "Allahu Akbar." When performing saj, the legs are first lowered to the knees, then the hands are placed on the palms, and the forehead with the nose is placed on the floor. The head should be between the hands, the fingers come together, but the elbows do not touch the floor, they are parted at the sides. The feet are in a position parallel to each other, the fingers and toes are directed towards the Kaaba. In this position, "Subhana rabiyal alaa" is pronounced seven times (can be reduced to five or three times).
From the above position, the person moves into a sitting position with the words "Allahu Akbar". He sits on his knees, hands are placed on top, and "Subhanallah" is pronounced, then the previous saja is repeated, and only after it the person rises to a standing position, and puts his hands on his chest, repeating "AllahAkbar." This is where the first rak'ah ends and the second begins, which repeats up to Sura Fatiha, after which Sura Ikhlas is read. It says that Allah did not give birth to anyone and was not born by anyone. But it should be remembered that for one prayer it is not allowed to read the same suras, except for the Fatih, which is at the beginning of each rak'ah.
Next, Ruku (sacred inclination), saja, is done, as in the first rak'ah until it is repeated, instead of which one should sit down, laying the body on the left leg. Her fingers, bent, should be directed towards the Kaaba. The gaze is directed to the knees and the dua Tashahud is pronounced, saying that all good deeds belong only to Allah. Moreover, when in the text a person reaches the pronunciation "la illaha" he needs to raise his index finger on his right hand, and when pronouncing "illa llahu" he should lower it.
Without changing position, a Muslim reads the dua Salavat or Blessing to Muhammad. The next is the dua, in which the prayer asks for the expiation of his sins and admits to an unfair attitude towards himself. Next, a greeting is pronounced, for which the head first rotates to the right side, and the gaze rushes to the shoulder. The greeting speech consists of wishing everyone peace and God's blessing. The head turns to the left and the words are repeated. On this, the simplest prayer of two rak'ahs is over. Sometimes at the end they read the two hundred twenty-fifth verse of Surah Baqara, thirty-three times the tasbih, the same number of Subhanallah, Alhamidulillah and Allahu Akbar. ATat the end of the tasbih, any dua that does not contradict Sharia is read. Raise hands to chest with palms up.
The next thing a novice man should learn is to read a prayer consisting of three and four rak'ahs. Briefly, in the first case, the already known sura Fatiha, ruku, two approaches to sajah and dua are added. In the second: after the second rak'ah in a sitting position, read only Tashahud, after doing two rak'ahs, but without the sura following the Fatiha sura. After the fourth - read Tashahud, Salavat and say "Allahumma inni zalyamtu nafsi" and finish everything with a greeting.
How to read namaz to a woman?
Prayer is slightly different for women. Firstly, the fact that in the mosque for women there is always a separate entrance. That is, a man in front of him should never see a praying woman making inclinations. How to read namaz to a woman:
- She must express her sincere intention before which a ritual bath is performed.
- Then the beginning is exactly the same as for men - Surah Fatiha. Moreover, beginners can limit themselves to only it.
- When making a hand, the bow is not so deep, that is, it is not necessary to make an angle of 90 degrees between the hips and the stomach, and the head can be left above the back.
- During the prostration, the elbows should touch the floor and the hips, to which the stomach is pressed.
- While sitting, a woman does not sit on her left leg, she places her body on the floor, and her legs move to the right. At this moment, the greeting is pronounced firstturning to the right shoulder, then to the left.
- At the end, you can turn to Allah by saying a personal dua.
Also, how to read namaz for a beginner woman can be viewed in detail in the video tutorials.
Having learned a short two-rakah prayer, you can begin to practice the full one.
