Orientation of a personality is a term denoting a system of a person's motives that consistently characterize him. This includes what he wants, what he aspires to, how the world and society understands, what he lives for, what he considers unacceptable, and much more. The topic of personality orientation is entertaining and multifaceted, so now the most interesting and important aspects of it will be considered.
About the concept in brief
So, in fact, the orientation of the personality is its "core". Aspirations and values that are so close to him that they have already become a support in life and an integral part of it.
This is a composite property. But, if you study it deeply, you can understand the motives of the behavior and goals of a particular person, and even predict how he will act in certain situations. At the same time, having observed him in life, seeing him in specific circumstances, one will be able to approximately understand his personal orientation.
This systemmotives are always socially conditioned. First, the orientation is formed in the process of education. Then, at a more conscious age, a person begins to engage in self-education. Be that as it may, the orientation of the individual is always evaluated in terms of morality and morality.
Attraction and desire
The orientation of a personality consists of many structural components. And first of all, I would like to pay attention to the two concepts indicated in the sub title.
Attraction is a primitive, biological form of orientation. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it, as a need, is not recognized. But desire is something else. This term refers to a conscious need for something very specific. Desire helps to clarify the goal and encourages action. Subsequently, the ways to achieve the result are determined.
Desires are good. It is on their basis that a person determines his goals and makes plans. And if the desires are strong, then they develop into aspiration, supported by an effort of will. This is what demonstrates the ability of a person to overcome obstacles, hardships and difficulties on the way to the goal.
It is important to note that aspiration is associated with subjective feelings. If a person confidently goes to the goal, and sees the result, he experiences satisfaction and positive emotions. In the absence of success, he is overcome by negativity and pessimism.
Interest
This is not even a structural component of the orientation of the personality, but a whole cognitive form and a separatemotivational state.
So, interest is a person's emotional focus on certain objects. They have a special sustainable significance, as they are related to his individual needs.
Interests can be spiritual and material, versatile and limited, stable and short-term. How deep and wide they are determines the usefulness of a person's life. After all, it is with interests that his inclinations, passions and desires are connected.
You can even say that they determine the style of a person's life. It's easy to prove it. A person interested in business, career, making big money, various business branches and the secrets of successful entrepreneurship? So, for him, the main thing in life is success and material well-being. And he will do everything to achieve this goal, acting in accordance with his interests.
One more thing. By the breadth, significance and globality of interests, one can determine the orientation of the individual. This is studied separately in psychology.
A person who covers different aspects of life, develops himself in several directions, is interested in many industries, has an expanded view of this world. He knows a lot, can consider opportunities and problems from several angles at once, he is characterized by high erudition, developed intelligence. Such people are capable of more than others. They even have stronger desire.
But people with shallow interests tend to be mediocre, boring and unsuccessful. Why? Because their apart from satisfying the naturalneeds are of no concern. Eating, drinking, sleeping, Friday night at the bar, home, work, sex, all over again. There is no intellectual load in their interests. They don't evolve.
Tendency
This concept has many synonyms. Some identify it with predisposition. Others say that an inclination is an interest with a volitional component. It is also commonly believed that this term refers to the manifestation of the motivational-need sphere. And this is considered the most correct definition in the psychology of personality orientation.
Tendency manifests itself in a person's preference for some value or activity. It is always based on emotions, subjective feelings and sympathy.
A person may enjoy traveling. He notices that most of all in life he is waiting for the next trip somewhere. He understands that new places bring him the brightest emotions and impressions. And the opportunity to get acquainted with another culture or traditions is the greatest joy that can be imagined. And he understands that life on the road is comfortable for him. It is this existence that brings him pleasure and satisfaction.
What does this mean? That he is inclined towards such a life. A vivid example of the motivational-need sphere! And it's hard to argue with that. After all, the most important need of each of us is to experience the pleasure of life. And here everyone determines for himself what style of existence he is inclined to, focusing on his values.
A simpler example is choosing a profession. On himalso affects the formation of personality orientation and inclination. And this is also one of the needs - to feel satisfaction from doing a life's work, to be aware of the benefits of one's activity, one's own professional significance.
It's good when a person understands what he is inclined to and decides to devote himself to it. And it is even better if interest in the activity first arises. It forms the desire to engage in it, and in the future a person improves the skills and abilities associated with it. By the way, often the tendency is accompanied by the development of abilities. Many musicians and artists who have shown interest in their profession since childhood are examples of this.
Worldview, belief and ideal
Considering the definition of the orientation of the personality, it is impossible not to touch upon these three important concepts.
Worldview is a conscious system of views and ideas about the world, as well as a person's attitude to himself and to what surrounds him. It gives its activity a purposeful, meaningful character. And it is the worldview that determines the principles, values, positions, ideals and beliefs of a person.
Everyone who has such a stable belief system is a mature person. Such a person has something by which he is guided in everyday life. In fact, the worldview is manifested literally in everything - from everyday life to interpersonal relationships.
What is a belief? This is a concept that is directly related to worldview. Under the datathe term is understood as the highest form of personality orientation, which encourages it to act in accordance with established ideals and principles. It is worth mentioning that a person who is confident in his views, knowledge and assessments of reality also strives to convey them to other people. But! The key word here is "to convey" - he does not impose anything, because he is in harmony with himself and this world.
And finally, the ideal. This is a certain image that a person tries to follow in his behavior and activities. It is thanks to him that each of us has the opportunity to reflect and change the world in accordance with ideals. They can be both real (people from life, idols), fictional (characters from books, films) and collective. In simple terms, the ideal is the highest example of a moral person. The main thing is that it should not be illusory. Otherwise, a person, following him, will not come to what he wanted.
Motives
Every person is probably familiar with this ambiguous concept. Personality motives are what governs human behavior. Often, this term refers to the factors that determine the choice he made.
Motives occupy a significant place in the structure of personality orientation. After all, how successfully a person solves his task depends largely on his motivation for a good result.
Here, too, there is a small classification. Motives can be external and internal. The first are very weak. Situation: a person at work needs to submit a project in a week. And he does it in order to be on time, otherwise there is a risklose the bonus and be called to a serious conversation with the boss. This is extrinsic motivation. A person does business only because it is necessary.
At the same time, his colleague, having the same task, almost spends the night at work, putting all his strength, time and soul into the project. He is interested in the matter, he acts in the name of a qualitative result. This is intrinsic motivation. It is based on desire and self-interest. It is internal motivation that encourages a person to self-development, discoveries and new achievements.
Also, talking about the development of personality orientation, it is necessary to pay attention to such a concept as awareness. The fact is that people do not always understand why they are doing this or that business. This is sad, because in such cases, monotonous work is simply performed, devoid of meaning and meaning.
But if there is a clear understanding of why a person performs certain tasks, then efficiency increases significantly. To the same question, sounding like “Why do I go to work?” can be answered in different ways. Someone will say: “Because everyone works. Everyone needs money. And the other will answer: “I want to improve in my business, build a career, achieve new heights, receive more solid rewards and feel gratitude for dedication.” And there is no need to even specify in which answer there is clear awareness.
Personal focus
Now we can talk about her. This is one of the main types of personality orientation. The person who is close to thisoption, seeks to meet their own needs, self-realization and achievement of individual goals. In simple terms, he is directed at himself.
Such people are organized, responsible and purposeful. They rely only on themselves. Their life consists of constructive thoughts, thinking through various plans and achieving goals. But, at the same time, they are active, and diversify their existence all the time, because pleasure means as much to them as success and productive work.
These are the main features of personality orientation. It is also worth mentioning that such people are often considered selfish and self-confident. But in reality, they are just focused on personal happiness. Although they often face the problem of inability to delegate authority and ask others for help. Knowing that they can decide everything on their own, many such people tend to be alone.
Collectivist orientation
For people who are close to her, the main need is communication with others. They are usually distinguished by integrity and courtesy. They are not conflict, always ready to help, listen, sympathize. They are also very interactive - they are guided by others, listen to different opinions, wait for approval.
This is a social focus. Individuals who are characterized by it become excellent reliable partners who easily get along with other people, both in the family and in the team.
But they often faceproblems. It is difficult for them to express their opinion, resist manipulation and even fight for their happiness. They also don't know how to plan anything, are afraid to take responsibility, and have absolutely no idea how to set personal goals.
Business Focus
Those people who are closest to her are business-oriented. For them, the most important thing is to combine their own benefit with the good for society.
They are distinguished by seriousness and reliability, exactingness to themselves and independence, love of freedom and goodwill. They like to constantly learn something new, study, try themselves in different fields of activity.
These people make great leaders. Their behavior reflects the predominance of motives that are associated with the achievement of the goal by the team. These people are happy to take matters into their own hands, and the result is usually impressive. They always easily substantiate their point of view, and literally lay everything out on the shelves so that each member of the team understands why these specific actions will lead to the fastest completion of the task.
Such people successfully cooperate with others and achieve maximum productivity. They not only manage to lead - they do it with pleasure.
How to find out your type?
There is a test for that. The orientation of the personality can be found out in 5-7 minutes, the passage of the questionnaire will not take more time. In total, it includes 30 items with three options.answers. These are not questions, but proposals that are proposed to be continued. It is necessary to mark two options out of three: one is “most”, and the other is “least”. Here are examples:
- Question: “In life, I am satisfied…”. How can I answer: most of all - the realization that the work was done successfully. Least of all is the evaluation of my work. The third option, left unmarked, is: “Consciousness that you are among friends.”
- Question: "I am happy when my friends…". How can you answer: most of all - when they are faithful and reliable. Least of all, they help outsiders when they can. The third option, left unchecked, is: "They are intelligent, have broad interests."
- Question: "If I could be one of the options, I would like to be…". How can you answer: most of all - an experienced pilot. Least of all - the head of the department. The third option, left unchecked, sounds like this: a researcher.
Also, the personality orientation test includes such questions: “When I was a child, I loved …”, “I don’t like it when I …”, “I don’t like teams in which …”, etc. e.
According to the results of the test, a person will know the result. It is recommended that you answer without thinking, as the first answer that comes to mind usually reflects the true thoughts.
Emotional orientation of personality
In the framework of the topic under discussion, I would like to briefly talk about it. Emotional orientation is a characteristic of a person, manifested in its valueattitude towards certain experiences and striving for them. A clear classification was proposed by the scientist Boris Ignatievich Dodonov. He distinguished ten emotions:
- Altruistic. They are based on the human need to help and assist others.
- Communicative. They arise from the need for communication and, as a rule, are a reaction to the satisfaction in emotional intimacy or its absence. Does the person have a heart friend? He is happy and enjoys it. No friend? He feels dissatisfied and sad.
- Gloric. The basis of these emotions is the need for success, fame and self-affirmation. They are experienced by a person when he is in the center of attention, or if he is admired.
- Practical. These emotions arise when a person is engaged in some kind of activity. He worries about the success of the business, faces difficulties on the way to the result, is afraid of failure, etc.
- Pugnic. The basis of these emotions is the need to overcome a danger or problem. Can be compared to passion.
- Romantic. These emotions mean the desire for everything mysterious, unusual, mysterious and extraordinary.
- Gnostic. Emotions, the basis of which is the need for everything that is out of the ordinary, to find something familiar, familiar and understandable.
- Aesthetic. Emotions that arise at the moment when a person receives pleasure from something higher - art, nature, beauty.
- Hedonistic. Emotions experienced by a person in connection with the satisfaction of their needsin comfort and enjoyment.
- Akisitive. The basis of these emotions is the interest shown by a person in collecting and accumulating.
In accordance with this classification, the emotional and psychological orientation of a person is also determined. She can be altruistic, communicative, gloric, etc.
By the way, there is another concept that deserves attention. Everyone knows it as empathy. This term refers to the emotional responsiveness shown by a person in response to the experiences of someone else. Surely many of you are familiar with this. When a person perceives the experiences of another as strongly as his own. This valuable quality of orientation speaks of the high morality of the individual and the moral principles inherent in it.
