In order to understand what exactly the tasks of the psychological service are, you need to understand what they are. This term is understood in different ways. Some believe that we are talking about peculiar riddles that should be solved like mathematical exercises aimed at developing logic. Others understand psychological tasks as goals that scientists face. Still others believe that we are talking about problems that arise in people's heads, related to both emotions and thinking, motivation and other aspects.
What is meant by the main task in psychology?
Scientific psychological problems are something that is learned and practiced. That is, the concepts of "tasks" and "goals" are not similar, although they are certainly interdependent. In science, there are a number of areas included in this concept. It is itself generalizing, giving a general definition for activity.
Of course, the main, main task of psychological science is the study of various patterns inherent in human thinking, expressed both in objective processes and in reverseim.
In other words, the main task of science is to learn the processes occurring in the human brain, thanks to which consciousness forms subjective reflections or perceptions of the reality surrounding the individual. That is, the main thing that is studied by this science is the essence and course of mental manifestations.
What do these tasks include?
Psychological tasks include the study of several areas related to the manifestations of human consciousness. The highest priority among them are:
- structural processes occurring in the brain;
- subjective perception and options for its formation;
- the formation of mental activity and its development;
- dependence on objective realities, living conditions and upbringing;
- the influence of physiological processes on thinking.
Thus, the concept of "psychological tasks" includes the study of all aspects of the processes of perception and thinking of a person, including the influence of the surrounding objective world, he alth status and other factors.
What is the purpose of psychology?
Scientific goals, of course, are interconnected with the tasks. The difference lies in the fact that the goals imply not only the study of any aspect of thinking, mental process, perception, but also the practical use of existing knowledge.
In other words, the goals and objectives of psychological science activity in joint consideration are to understand what is happening in the brainprocesses and use the knowledge gained to influence them.
To put it simply, the main goal of psychology is to solve emerging problems in practice, expressed in the correction of processes occurring in the human brain, related to both thinking and perception.
What is meant by the term "diagnosis"?
Diagnostics in psychology is a separate direction. Often this area of science is called "psychodiagnostics", this is done so that it immediately becomes clear what exactly is being discussed.
This section of psychology is extremely important for the practical activities of specialists. Within the framework of this direction, specific methods are designated or formed, with the help of which it becomes possible to characterize the state of mind of a person, identify the presence of any deviations in his psyche and, accordingly, diagnose them.
In addition to developing the methods necessary for practical activities, the tasks of psychological diagnostics include the definition of the framework in which there may be individual features of the implementation of the processes of thinking and perception of the surrounding reality. In other words, this industry is looking for or defining the line that separates genius from madness, individuality from deviation.
How are methods classified in psychodiagnostics?
All diagnostic methods that make it possible to solve psychological problems are divided into two large types:
- research;
- practical.
The first includes both theoretical and practical work of scientists. The latter include such methods of collecting and systematic information as:
- testing;
- observation;
- polls or conversations;
- fixing various reactions and relationships.
Observation, like other techniques used in psychodiagnostics, can be direct or indirect. Observation is the main way to collect information, determine the manifestations and characteristics of a process, identify its patterns.
What are the methods used in psychological diagnostics?
The importance of the methods used in psychodiagnostics cannot be underestimated, since all other areas of this science are based on their use.
A number of techniques are used to solve each individual psychological problem. Psychology is characterized by the division of applied diagnostic and research methods into the following groups:
- objective;
- experimental;
- survey.
Survey techniques are mainly used to collect information and compile statistics. That is, these data can serve as the basis, the basis for the work of a specialist with a specific task. A foundation from which you can build on to find a solution in each individual case.
These methods also include conversations between a psychologist and a patient, testing, questionnaires and other studies that imply the existence of relationships in the form of "question-answer".
Under the objective methods is understood everything that does not allow ambiguity in understanding. That is, undeniable phenomena, processes, consequences or patterns. For objective diagnostic methods, observation is mainly used, however, various physiological examinations are also used, in cases where specialists consider them necessary.
Experimental methods are not only those methods that are not widespread enough and are not undeniable, but also combine several different options for diagnostic psychological research.
What is meant by solving a psychological problem?
This term is understood in the general sense literally. That is, the solution of a psychological problem is nothing more than the achievement of a certain, specific result, which is necessary in isolated circumstances or cases. That is, if we are talking about scientific research or observations, then the conclusions made by specialists will act as a solution.
If the tasks of a psychological service to help the population are considered, then the measures taken in each specific situation act as a decision. If we talk about therapeutic services, then, of course, the result is the deliverance of a person from his problem.
That is, the solution is the achievement of the result required in a certain area. For example, in psychodiagnostics, this can be the earliest possible detection of the presence of any problems present in the processes of perception and thinking. And inpractical psychology, respectively, their elimination.
Which paths are used?
The solution of a particular problem in psychology can be achieved in two main ways - sub- and objective. Each of them has its own specific differences and is appropriate under certain circumstances.
The objective way combines methods in which the results, as well as the observed processes, conclusions, in no way depend on attitudes, views, actions or other aspects of individuality. This applies both to the object of observation and to the specialists who carry it out.
The subjective way of designating a problem and options for finding its solution combines those methods that use data obtained in a way that does not exclude the determining influence of desire, mood and other similar factors. That is, this path includes techniques based on subjective data. An example of this can be any questionnaire or test. The answers to the questions in them depend on a large number of individual variables, such as momentary mood, the presence of a migraine, irritability or a feeling of happiness, and other similar emotions.
Scheme of solution and example
Any psychological problem can be represented as a series of interrelated processes. The tasks of psychological work in practice are to identify the sequence, get to the root cause and eliminate it, or find another way to solve the problem.
Imagine a situation that is a task of psychology that needs to be solved,you can use a simple example:
- a person is busy writing a thesis;
- he is constantly distracted, finds a lot of intermediate activities - make coffee, watch the news, stretch his back and so on;
- time passes - no text written.
This situation is nothing but a psychological problem or a problem that needs to be solved.
You need to solve it, starting with the search for the root cause, which in this case is inside the human mind. You should understand why there is a desire to be distracted. As a rule, this happens due to lack of interest in the topic and laziness. The solution in this case may be the following:
- eliminate all "temptations";
- activation of the volitional impulse.
Of course, this example is as primitive as possible, but it is quite relevant in everyday life and accurately reflects the essence of what can be considered a psychological problem or task.
What is psychological research?
Psychological research is a scientific cognitive and at the same time production process. In other words, psychological research is the path that every specialist takes, moving towards the intended goal.
That is, it is the process of moving towards what needs to be known, by solving current problems that arise or by studying and overcoming problems.
What are these studies?
Psychological research is classified according towith those tasks, problems and goals that specialists face.
The following types are distinguished:
- search engine;
- structural;
- experimental.
Exploratory research is usually carried out during the initial stages of work. This is a kind of intelligence, actions, the purpose of which is to obtain the maximum amount of information, data about an existing problem or about the subject of study. The objectives of this type of research are to determine the presentation of further paths and techniques needed in a particular case.
The structural type of research is aimed at narrowing the range of issues under study as much as possible, that is, at highlighting priority points.
Experimental type of research involves immersion in the subject of study. Its purpose is to thoroughly identify all the characteristic relationships of ongoing processes. This concept also includes the definition of causal chains and their triggering actions, mechanisms, phenomena.
What is the purpose of psychological research?
The tasks of each type of research are different. In other words, the actions of scientists are aimed at achieving certain goals, which determines the list of tasks and problems that need to be addressed.
It is impossible to list all the tasks of psychological research in a particular area, since they are not immutable values. Nevertheless, several directions can be distinguished, within which most of them are located.
Usually taskspsychological support or substantiation of any processes that arise in the course of research are aimed at achieving the following goals:
- acquisition of reliable information, data collection;
- representation of the totality of the characteristics of the subject of study;
- comparison of the object of work with available statistical samples or examples;
- designation of the dynamics of growth or decline of psychological processes;
- identifying causal chains.
Of course, the final task of all types of research is the correction of violations in psychological processes, and not just their study.
