Among the various tools, one can single out the differential diagnostic questionnaire of E. A. Klimov, which determines the orientation of a person in a particular field of activity. The diagnostic procedure is quite simple. The respondent only needs to choose from the two proposed options the most suitable for him. However, despite the ease of testing, the results obtained in most cases indicate the real professional inclinations of the individual.
Methods for diagnosing the professional orientation of a person
Perhaps one of the most important issues in a person's life is the question of choosing a profession. Often young people, guided by economic considerations or romantic impulses, give preference to a business that in the future begins to oppress them and turns into a necessary burden. As a result, professional duties are carried out formally, and the work is not happy.
However, howas a rule, the prevailing circumstances are not related to the individual inclinations of a person to a particular field of activity. In order to avoid incidents, today there are various methods of psychological testing that help determine certain abilities of a person. A specialist consultant will not only diagnose, but also explain to the client how to choose a profession. Tests are usually easy to pass. It is only necessary to thoughtfully and truthfully answer the proposed questions.
Among the commonly used methods for determining professional inclinations are:
- Questionnaire "Map of interests", developed by A. E. Golomshtok. By answering questions, it is possible to determine the scope of possible future activities. The test is intended for both teenagers and people who want to change their profession.
- Methodology of L. A. Yovaishi, which helps to determine professional inclinations and passions.
- Methodology of professional self-determination by J. Holland. According to this test, you can find out the type of personality of the respondent and correlate it with the field of activity.
- One of the commonly used career guidance tests is the "Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire" (DDO E. A. Klimova). Perhaps, this technique is an integral toolkit for school psychologists and consultants from employment services.
Short biography of E. A. Klimov, the creator of DDO
The author of the proposed methodology is a Russian psychologist, psychophysiologist, professor and academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. For a long scientificway Yevgeny Alexandrovich became the author of more than 300 monographs and articles on psychological and pedagogical topics. At one time, Klimov headed the journal “Bulletin of Moscow University. Psychology.”
As a practical methodologist, Evgeny Alexandrovich studied the relationship between professional activity and individual characteristics of a person and the interdependence of these two categories. The scientist made an attempt to classify professions for the purpose of further career guidance. Based on these surveys, the "Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire" (DDO) by E. A. Klimova was developed. The technique makes it possible to clearly identify the areas of professional activity of a person. In addition, with the help of diagnostics, there is a correlation of individual opportunities with future work responsibilities.
Description of the career guidance test
DDO Klimov was created to help teenagers and adults decide on their future profession. The academician singled out five leading spheres of human activity, which correspond to different professions. E. A. Klimov believed that each individual is endowed with a certain type of thinking, skills, lifestyle and subconscious aspirations. On the basis of these data, it is possible to calculate the psychotype of a person, which is located towards one or another professional orientation. One person will be happy to take care of animals, and the other will disassemble complex mechanisms. Relying on the test for career guidance DDO Klimov E. A., you can find out your personality type and understand your addictions to a particular areaactivities.
Scales of the differential diagnostic questionnaire
So, according to the test, you can choose a profession in the following areas:
- Sphere "man - nature".
- Orientation "man - technology".
- Sphere "man - sign".
- Sphere "man - artistic image".
- Orientation "man - man".
Description of professions in the category "man - nature"
This area includes people who love to work in the garden and garden, grow plants and animals, are well versed in biological sciences. The subject of activity for representatives of the professions "man - nature" is the animal and plant world, the features of their reproduction and growing conditions. The main duties of these specialists are to study the living conditions of animals and plants, their cultivation and care, as well as to prevent diseases of representatives of the animal and plant world.
How to choose a profession? A teenager, whose test results showed a predisposition to the "man - nature" sphere, must have the following psychological characteristics:
- High level of imagination and visual-figurative thinking.
- Well developed intuition.
- Patience and perseverance.
- Willingness to work alone, outside the team.
The most common professions in this area are animal breeder, veterinarian, agronomist, biologist, animal trainer, forester, etc.
"Human - technology" and related activities
Fans of activities in physical, chemical or mathematical laboratories, as well as craftsmen to disassemble complex mechanisms and read intricate electrical circuits, will suit the profession of this category. As evidenced by the differential diagnostic questionnaire (DDO Klimova E. A.), the objects of labor of such specialists are all technical and energy subjects. Professionals are engaged in the installation and assembly of technical devices, their operation, repair, adjustment and other types of maintenance.
There are the following personal requirements for potential employees:
- High level of technical and creative thinking.
- Precise coordination of movements.
- Observation.
- High level of auditory, visual and kinesthetic perception.
- Good switching and focus.
Professions in the field of "man - technology" include a locksmith, fitter, builder, electrician, driver of agricultural machinery, etc.
The system of professions "man is a sign"
This area can be chosen by people who prefer to engage in calculations, drawings, diagrams, systematization of information, programming. The subject of activity of such specialists is numbers, formulas, notes, foreign languages, as well as diagrams, drawings, sound signals, etc.
Before you pass the test and choose a profession from the sphere of "man is a sign", you mustdevelop qualities such as:
- Excellent RAM and mechanical memory.
- Logical thinking.
- Patience.
- Persistence.
- High level of switching and distribution of attention.
Professions included in this system - editor, proofreader, composer, draftsman, radio operator, surveyor, sound engineer, etc.
"Man is an artistic image": professions for the gifted
How to choose a profession for a teenager with some kind of talent? After all, not everyone can be mathematicians or technologists. There are also so-called artistic natures, far from figures and drawings. In the differential diagnostic questionnaire - DDO E. A. Klimov - a whole direction has been allocated for such people - a group of professions "a person is an artistic image." The name of the activity speaks for itself. This includes all speci alties, one way or another in contact with art. Professionals will be able to engage in the creation, design and reproduction of artistic works, the manufacture of various fine products, etc.
Personal requirements for specialists in this field are:
- Ability for creativity, artistic activity.
- High level of development of visual perception.
- Knowledge of human psychology and mechanisms of influence on his feelings.
Professions included in this group are writer, artist, dancer, jeweler, musician, cabinetmaker, printer, painter, etc.e.
What professions are included in the list of "man - man"
Questionnaire DDO Klimova EA also suggests a system of speci alties, the subject of which is the personality. Professionals in this field are engaged in education, training, treatment, provision of services, information services, advocacy, etc.
People who work in this field should have:
- Communication.
- Goodwill.
- Slow down.
- Feel good when interacting with others.
- Self-control of emotional states.
- Well developed speech.
- Eloquence, the ability to convince.
- Punctuality and accuracy.
- Knowing the psychology of people.
Professions of the “man-to-man” system include workers in the pedagogical and medical fields, salespeople, waiters, policemen, lawyers, guides, hairdressers, etc.
How the results of DDO Klimov are interpreted
The differential diagnostic questionnaire is easy to use and process the results. Each respondent receives a clear instruction to choose the most suitable option out of the two proposed options. After that, the form DDO Klimova E. A. is filled in. After the polling procedure, all the answers received are checked against a special key, where each option corresponds to a certain area of professions. Then comes the scoring. Treatment with DDO Klimov indicates a high predisposition toa certain group of speci alties, if the subject scored 7-8 points in the corresponding scale. If the result is 2 or less, then there is no need to talk about this professional orientation.
