How children of the preschool age group build relationships with each other, is studied by practical psychology. This is one of its most difficult areas. A combination of techniques is used to obtain reliable and objective results. In addition, there is a study of the behavior of children in their usual conditions.
Specifications
Features of the "Two Houses" methodology are reduced to the implementation of the experiment. The object is the child. He is given a blank sheet of paper laid horizontally. On it, a preschooler draws two houses.
The first one is shown on the left side. It is characterized by evenness and red color.
The second one is on the right. Its color is black. The house itself is uneven, and its roof is sloping.
According to the "Two houses" method for preschoolers, both buildings drawn must have at least five floors. Each of them has 3-4 apartments or sections.
The psychologist asks the child to look at both houses, suggests that the first house was erected especially for him. The child must appreciate the beauty of this building and show exactly where he wants to live in it.
Then the psychologist writes his name in this section. The second question addressed to the child by a specialist is related to who he wants to take with him for living. It is explained that it is possible to populate anyone and determine any suitable place for him.
Next, the name of the new tenant is entered in the cell indicated by the child. The subject explains who he is.
When the first building is occupied, attention needs to be paid to the second building.
When conducting the “Two houses” method for preschoolers at this stage, the psychologist explains to the child that the second house also needs to be populated. The specialist should not report his gloom. It is forbidden here to give any characteristics at all to such a structure.
This is a projective test. And so the image is symbolic. The child himself recognizes which house is gloomy and which is joyful.
After that, the subject similarly populates a black building.
Basic interpretation
The "Two Houses" method for preschoolers has the main task of identifying whom the child likes and dislikes. And its results are interpreted unambiguously.
The inhabitants of the red house are the people whom the child appreciates. And he has a wonderful relationship with them, or he wants to build one.
The inhabitants of the black building are contemptible persons for him.
This is the basic interpretation of the Two Houses test forpreschoolers. It allows you to determine the number of social contacts and their emotional characteristics. The analysis is based on the total number of persons named by the child and who and where he identified.
Other important factors
An equally significant aspect is the algorithm for naming people. The persons mentioned first are more important to the subject.
The specifics of the placement of persons are also taken into account. In some images, the child and his parents are arranged in the same section. In some of the drawings, the preschooler is located on the top floor, while his father and mother are on the first floor.
The most important characters of the spatial projection are concentrated as close as possible to the subject.
Situations where a child does not contribute one or more family members are being studied more carefully. And only when he fills both buildings with residents, the psychologist can focus on the missed person.
During this projective test, the specialist in a playful way asks the child to fill in the gap(s). A phrase similar to this one may sound: “Oh, we forgot to accommodate Pavel Andreevich! Where is his place of residence?”
This question should be asked to the subject. The reason is that by drawing himself, he may mean his being there only with his mother.
Additional faces
If the child did not bring someone into the cells either in the first or second house, you can offer him to do this.
Additional tenants in one or another house can be brought in if it is difficult for the subject to do this on their own. So maybe if hesome friends.
A psychologist can offer him his candidacy and someone from the teaching staff.
If a child puts them in a red house, this indicates that he likes to be in this preschool.
When one of the teachers gets into the black house, you need to find out the reasons for this. Perhaps the ward feels hatred for someone from the staff of the institution.
Either way, a thorough study of this attitude is required.
Pattern variation
The Two Home Method for Preschoolers is designed to explore how a child communicates and interacts with his family and peers. These are her priorities.
With her help:
- The specifics of the relationship of relatives and friends with the subject are revealed.
- It is determined by its assessment of the indicated relations.
Testing is based on images that the psychologist asks the child to create.
Often children draw two houses. One they make bright, colorful and beautiful. The second is faded and unsightly, even crooked.
The technique allows some variations of images.
For example, like this. A multi-storey residential building is drawn on the upper side of the sheet (A4 format). Here, an abundance of flowers is not allowed. A regular pencil is enough.
The same two houses are being created under the high-rise building. Their parameters differ significantly. The one that has a red color, they are much larger than that of the neighboring one. And often the first house is depicted as an elegant and solid cottage. Secondis a kind of squalid hut.
Pre-talk
Preliminarily, the psychologist communicates with the child, finds out the size of his family. Next, he asks the ward, showing him the image, to move family members from a house with a large number of floors to new buildings - those that are below.
The child must be informed that he is a tenant of a beautiful colorful house. He can take any of his relatives there. Other people can be accommodated in the neighboring building.
At the end of the dialogue, the specialist asks who and where the child will settle. The settlers of the red house are those whom he loves and respects. The inhabitants of the barracks are those to whom he treats negatively.
When analyzing the "Two Houses" methodology for preschoolers, the speed of response is also taken into account. The more time the baby spends thinking, the less objective his answer is interpreted.
When there are harmonious relationships in the family, the child feels warmth and love. And in a beautiful house, he settles his whole family.
Exploring group relationships
The projective technique "Two Houses", which is carried out in a preschool institution, explores the interpersonal relationships of pupils.
After the resettlement, the teacher asks the child if he wants to change places and add some other character. Responses are being recorded.
If there are 10-15 children in the group, the subject is asked to make 6 choices: three positive and three negative.
If the number of the team exceeds 16 people, then five such answers.
When a child does not want to make a choice in someone's favor, do not force a decision out of him.
All answers are entered in a table in which the names of pupils are arranged alphabetically.
Analysis of results
Vandvik Ekblad's "Two Houses" method is used in the preschool. According to it, the test results must be studied based on the number of characters in both houses.
Negative and positive points are calculated for each pupil. This is the number of persons placed by him in a black or red building. The smaller value is subtracted from the larger value. Priority is given to the sign of the leading number.
The following is the interpretation of the points scored:
- From +4, children with an attractive appearance and sufficient self-confidence usually gain. They are leaders in the team and in the games.
- From +1 to +3 (the sum is formed only from pluses). These children like to play and communicate with a stable environment or one friend. At the same time, they practically do not enter into conflicts and are the leaders of a small local group.
- From -2 to +2 (the sum is formed from pluses and minuses). These children are sociable, active, loving outdoor games. They often clash and quarrel. They can be easily offended, but quickly forget insults.
- 0 points (no pluses or minuses). These are unremarkable children. They play alone, do not want to communicate with the team.
- -1 and below. These are outcasts. They often havethere are obvious physical disabilities and psychoses are often observed. They have a negative attitude towards the rest of the pupils.
More attention is paid to the children, whom many brought to the black house. They spend a lot of time alone or surrounded by adults. They are usually very withdrawn or conflicted. They are often hated by the entire group.
Working with initial classes
It is based on A. L. Wenger's "Two Houses" methodology for elementary school students.
With its help, the teacher calculates the range of communication of each student and the psychological atmosphere in the classroom.
It is carried out in the same way: two houses are drawn, their tenants are determined by children.
Points are calculated in the same way. That is, the difference between the number of inhabitants of the red and black buildings is taken into account.
Analysis of the results allows you to identify confident students - authorities for peers. Both conflicting persons and constant brawlers are revealed.
The task of the teacher is to carry out educational work with the "negative" category of students. If necessary, they are referred to a child psychologist. There is also interaction with parents.
