Emotional development of a preschooler: indicators and research methods

2024 Author: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 06:11

The emotional development of a preschooler is an extremely subtle and interesting topic. It is given enough attention in the research field, in pedagogy and psychological science. It is very important that parents are also interested in some changes in the development of their offspring. You can’t let everything take its course, hoping that a difficult situation will somehow be resolved on its own. The program for the emotional development of preschoolers can be found on specialized sites, as well as by studying the methodological literature on a particular issue. This will be helpful for both parents and caregivers.

Indicators

Socio-emotional development of preschoolers is a topic that deserves close attention. It is good when leading experts have certain knowledge to help determine how a child develops. This is a great success, which is not always and not for everyone. The most common mistake is to trycompare children with each other and draw conclusions in advance by labeling.

When there is no personal approach, then a lot is lost, the problem is hushed up, not solved. The emotional and personal development of a preschooler is an extremely broad and complex issue. It should be approached with all responsibility, while not forgetting to take into account individual characteristics. Let us consider in more detail the significant indicators that, of course, must be taken into account.

Importance of adult assessment

Sometimes from the side it seems that the child is doing everything to piss off the parents. He is rude to his peers, does not obey his teachers, endlessly provokes anger at himself, and does ugly things. Adults often run out of patience, and they switch to screaming, dominant parenting models. Often the trauma of childhood is aggravated in this way, it grows even more. In fact, this often happens because it is too important for a baby to evaluate all his actions by an adult.

If a child lacks attention, he will try to compensate for this moment in some other, more accessible way. Most of all, it is terrible for him to lose approval and support. Unfortunately, parents also do not always understand this. Not everyone correctly chooses the means of emotional development of preschoolers. Many deliberately act ugly and inadequate to the situation itself, hoping that severe punishment will help the child to improve once and for all. But if a child is constantly shamed for the slightest misconduct, it is hardly worthwait for a positive effect. The child will simply withdraw into himself, but will not stop acting in an inappropriate way.

Poise

One of the distinguishing features of the emotional development of preschoolers is such a feature as the ability to control spoken words. If at three or four years old it is completely absent, then at five or six years old, a boy or girl already begins to clearly imagine how approximately one should behave when in this or that situation. They imitate their parents a lot, take an example from their immediate environment. A child always learns by looking at adults. Sometimes he himself does not realize this, but he always needs timely prompts from close people. The preschooler must be guided in everything, while trying especially not to impose his point of view on him. Sometimes even the calmest child throws a tantrum or behaves inappropriately in public.

All because he wants to impress his parents. Secretly from those around him, he always hopes that they will understand him and do exactly what he needs. The child sometimes sincerely does not understand why he is scolded and why he is shamed. Even committing some bad deed, he wants to receive approval and recognition. A rare parent is able to understand his own child so well, so as not to injure his psyche, not to break his desire for self-development and self-knowledge.

Drivability

Is one of the brightest indicators of the emotional development of a preschooler. This factor is easily observed by adults. After all, the behavior of the child is striking. A loving parent will always notice significant changes in behavior, no matter what they are associated with. If a three-year-old child is completely dependent on his own feelings, then the emotional development of older preschoolers lies on a completely different plane. He already possesses elementary self-control skills, can restrain anger, irritation, resentment where necessary.

Of course, one should not expect great restraint from a child, but if necessary, a son or daughter will try not to show their parents how upset or upset they are. Manageability is a feature of a child of five or six years. He begins to develop self-control skills, although not at a sufficiently high level, as in adults. The child already has an idea of how to behave in society, what is approved, and what actions are universally condemned. For this reason, raising children becomes a little easier. You can always agree with them, show the other side of the situation. Parents and educators should learn to effectively influence the word, without the use of punishment. Only in this case, trust will increase.

Affective behavior

The emotional development of a younger preschooler is more subject to thoughtless actions. People sometimes do not understand this and begin to demand that a small child comply with some social norms. This is a fundamentally wrong position, which does not allow to fully achieve a good result in education. You can permanently spoil the relationship with your own offspring and lose his trust. The child is too susceptiblethe influence of their own emotions. He often cannot control his anger, his own resentment, disappointment.

It often happens that an outwardly prosperous child suddenly takes someone else's thing without asking, although he cannot explain to himself why he needs it. He gives in to the first impulse of feelings. In this case, there is no analysis of the situation that has arisen, since this requires the skill of forecasting and awareness. Following a bright emotional outburst, the child cannot always control his own actions. For this reason, child theft occurs. This phenomenon is always motivated by the desire to possess some particular thing. The general outcome of events and the attitude of the child to the current situation will depend on the reaction of the adult. Affective behavior is quite common. It indicates that the child is in dire need of adult attention. Most likely, parents devote too little time to him, constantly being distracted by something more meaningful and valuable from their point of view.

Developing self-esteem

The ability to adequately perceive one's own personality is a necessary condition for the emotional development of preschoolers. The development of self-esteem is largely determined by what kind of relationship a child develops with the outside world. If he constantly encounters a negative reaction from others, then he himself gets used to criticizing himself for any reason. This is how self-doubt develops, the fear of making any mistake. In this case, children grow up with a negative view of the world. They do not understand what needs to be done in order to feel better, to cope withown negative feelings.

When a child is faced with a positive reaction, he initially gets used to thinking well of himself. He learns to overcome all sorts of obstacles on the way to the goal and build constructive relationships. This is extremely important for the further successful life. The development of self-esteem of your child cannot be shifted to teachers and psychologists. This is what every parent should strive to do. This is the responsibility of every accomplished father and mother. It depends only on close people who yesterday's baby will become. If at some point we stop praising our children, they will not be able to succeed.

Search for praise

Emotional and moral development of preschoolers is impossible without such an indicator as focusing on the approval of an adult. The child understands that all his correct actions cause pleasant feelings in parents. They praise him for his achievements, some individual victories, conscious aspirations to become better. We must always try to support any undertakings of a son or daughter, so that they feel the care of loved ones, feel that in any situation they can count on their help. Seeking praise for a preschooler is a completely natural behavior. Only in this way does he have the opportunity to form a positive picture of the world in himself, to be convinced of his own viability. If children regularly receive approval from adults, it becomes easier for them to develop, to learn something new. That is why you should never skimp on praise, by all means insist on your own. Contactchild as a person who deserves respect always, and not only when something pleases you.

Competition with peers

It can be seen that in preschool childhood, both girls and boys strive to demonstrate their best abilities. They want to earn the approval of adults, to feel capable of much. This feeling is necessary for the formation of a positive picture of the world. The social and emotional development of preschoolers cannot take place without inclusion in the social environment. To do this, kids need a children's team that would allow them to show their abilities, celebrate individual achievements. Being alone with yourself, it is impossible to come to such results. Otherwise, each of us would simply withdraw into ourselves and stop noticing what is happening around. There is a kind of competition with peers, during which the child has every chance to feel significant and important.

Only being in a social environment, you can discover your true capabilities. That is why experts still recommend sending the child to a children's educational institution. As much as you would like to leave it in a warm home environment before school, this is not recommended. It is in any team that he althy competition arises, which helps to build much-needed self-confidence and self-esteem.

Inability to anticipate events

Emotional development of a preschooler occurs in several stages, gradually. Immediately visible changesnot visible, as many skills simply accumulate but are not expressed at the same time as they appeared. A child at five or six years old is still too small to predict the further outcome of an event. He has not yet learned to control his own actions, and most often acts under the influence of strong impressions. It is still difficult for a kid to push emotions into the background, although he tries with might and main to imitate close adults. The child is too much influenced by his own feelings. Negative and positive impressions affect him in the same way, often causing him to worry about this or that.

Techniques

Various exercises contribute to the development of emotional intelligence in preschoolers. They are aimed primarily at understanding what the child himself is experiencing and what others feel in connection with his behavior. Methods of emotional development of preschoolers are highly effective. It is necessary to follow certain rules for conducting classes so that they are remembered as vividly as possible by the baby and produce the best effect. Let's take a closer look at them.

Game method

Diagnosis of the emotional development of preschoolers can take place already by how an adult will observe. The game is an integral element of knowledge of the world around. Its role cannot be downplayed or attempted to be denied altogether. With the help of the game, the child expresses his feelings, reveals those situations and experiences that really worry him at the moment. If a girl is too attached to her dolls, then ratherof everything, she lacks the warmth and attention of her mother. She seeks to fill this gap by rocking and dressing up her toys. Boys often love soft teddy bears and bunnies.

This suggests that the child is experiencing a feeling of loneliness and wants to be understood. Manifestations in games of any aggressive orientation indicate trouble in family relationships. The child does not feel protected. Most likely, he is alarmed, upset, depressed about something. With the help of extremely active methods, the child subconsciously strives to get rid of fear and despair.

Various scenes

Theatricalization is a very effective method of emotional development of preschoolers. This is how the child learns to express his own feelings and tries to understand others. In this case, there is a greater chance for awareness of inappropriate behavior and correction of existing errors. You can organize such scenes with children that would teach them to understand what an opponent is experiencing when they find themselves in a given situation. This is an extremely valuable acquisition, which can hardly be learned just like that. At the same time, bright and unambiguous assessments should be avoided. The child must draw conclusions on his own, otherwise the educational effect will be significantly reduced. Even a simple observer, who is carefully watching what is happening from the side, is able to assess the general state of affairs. The fact is that in most cases, small children are not cunning and in everyday reactions you can track everything that worries them at the moment.point in time.

Art Therapy

Experts recognize it as a real salvation from negativity. The fact is that people often hush up their own emotions, as they are afraid of being condemned by society. Even adult men and women sometimes need to unload their minds from disturbing thoughts. Children are the most susceptible to any kind of stress. They still do not know how to express their own emotions, and therefore the experiences can be very strong, not comparable to the anxieties of adults. Art therapy helps to remove self-doubt, correct behavior, and lead to good results with regular use. Drawing frightening pictures, the child seems to meet his own fear, learns to react to it in a new way, to build certain relationships with the surrounding space.

If you constantly turn to this method, you can get rid of even intense fears. The main thing is not to miss classes. The emotional development of preschoolers depends entirely on how adults can organize the process of overcoming difficulties.

Fairytale therapy

A method that allows you to heal mentally and prevent any negative manifestations in a timely manner. With the help of fairy tale therapy, there is a rapid development of emotional intelligence in preschoolers. The child listens to an entertaining story and learns to separate evil from good. Often he himself begins to imagine himself in the place of the main characters, draws the appropriate conclusions.

Custom approach

This is mandatorya condition without which none of the above can take place at all. Everything requires an individual approach. One child is not like another. And there is nothing surprising in this. Some learn quickly, while others take time to do so. In any case, do not rush, apply any negative measures of influence, whether it be a threat or punishment. It is foolish to create the same requirements for everyone, and even scold the child for not fitting into any framework, not complying with generally accepted standards. An individual approach will release a large amount of creative energy, which means that a son or daughter will be able to achieve greater and better results.

Thus, parents are directly responsible for the emotional development of a preschooler. Only the father and mother can become the first teachers in the adult world for the child, who will teach how to behave in society, what should be paid attention to when choosing any decision. Not always the little man will succeed the first time, but he needs to be guided, encouraged, helped to overcome obstacles, correct mistakes. The more emotional involvement the parents themselves can show, the easier and easier it will be for the child. No need to constantly worry and worry about everything. The closest people should strive to demonstrate confidence and complete trust. Only in this case will a harmonious personality capable of many achievements grow and develop.