Muslims are people who hold their faith in high regard. Everyone knows that Islam is one of the most strict religions in the world. A true Muslim not only lives in accordance with the Holy Quran, but also correctly raises prayers to Allah. Namaz is an Islamic prayer, but what are "azan" and "ikamat"? These terms will be discussed in the article.
What is a madhab?
In order to understand what the words "azan" and "ikamat" mean, we must first consider the concept of "madhhab".
Madhab is the religious school of Islam. Now there are four theological and legal schools. These are the Hanbali, Hanafi, Shafi'i and Maliki madhhabs. These madhhabs absorbed all the diversity of Islamic theology. They differ from each other in the way of saying prayers, the postures that they take during prayer, etc., that is, each Islamic theological and legal school has its own established customs and traditions,therefore prayers are pronounced differently.
What is "azan" and "ikamat"
So, first you need to understand the concepts under consideration. Ikamat means the beginning of prayer, and adhan is a call to start it.
The words of the iqamah are pronounced very quietly and quickly, and the words of the adhan are spoken much more slowly. In accordance with the division of Muslims into madhhabs, each group of believers settled on the pronunciation of the adhan and iqamat, which they considered more correct.
A couple more things to say. A person who heard the reading of the adhan and iqamat in a form unusual for his hearing should not interrupt, correct or condemn the prayer. For this, one should consider in more detail the reading of prayers in each madhhab. Each school is different in how the azan and iqamah are read.
Words of prayer in the Maliki theological and legal school
In this madhhab, the adhan is presented in the following form:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar.
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulu Allah.
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulu Allah.
Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
This madhhab differs from the rest in that the reading of the adhan here begins with the double pronunciation of "Allahakbar", while in other madhhabs this phrase is pronounced four times. All sentences that contain the word "ashkhadu" (that is, "testimony") are pronounced much quieter than the rest. After pronouncing the expressions quietly, you must return to the beginning and say the same the most phrases, only with the usual volume.
Sometimes the silent part of the azan is skipped and starts with the loud part. This way of saying a prayer is also considered correct. It is advisable, in accordance with the Maliki theological and legal school, to read the adhan in full and not deviate from the rules.
Unlike other madhhabs, before the morning Fajr prayer, it is customary to insert the following words: "As-Salatu khairum-minan-naum. As-Salaatu khairum-minan-naum".
Iqamat in the Maliki theological and legal school differs from the others in that it is half as long as the others, and only the double "Allahu Akbar" at the end remained unchanged. The phrase "Qad kamati-ssalah" is said only once.
The Ikamat of the Maliki madhhab is presented in the following form:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alaal-falah. Kad kamati-ssalah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
The call and the beginning of prayer in the Hanbali madhhab
The Hanbali adhan is very similar to the Hanafi adhan. Prayer words:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu allailaha illa Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
It is worth noting that during the morning Fajr prayer, the following phrase is added: "As-Salatu khairum-minan-naum. As-Salatu khairum-minan-naum".
The Hanbali Iqamat looks like this:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Kad kamati-salyatu, kad kamati-salyatu. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
The words of the beginning of the prayer in the Hanafi madhhab
In the Hanafi madhhab, the words of the call to prayer and the beginning of the prayer are read in the following form:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu alla ilaha illa Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulu Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
It is worth noting that in the Hanafi azan during the morning prayer they read the phrase: "As-Salatu khairum-minan-naum. As-Salaatu khairum-minan-naum". This phrase is read after the words “haya ‘alal-falah, haya ‘alal-falah”. The inserted phrase says that praying is better than sleeping. It is not surprising that the expression is read in the morning.
Ikamat in the Hanafi madhhab is pronounced almost the same asand azan, even the words are similar. Here the difference between adhan and iqamah is just in one phrase and the speed of reading prayers. The fact is that the iqamah is supposed to be read much faster than the adhan. The distinctive phrase is as follows: "Kad kamati-salyatu, kad kamati-ssalakh." which means standing in prayer.
Feature of prayers in Shafi'i teachings
Shafi'i azan is similar to Maliki's. The only difference is that the prayer begins with the four readings of "Allahu Akbar". Otherwise, these types of azans are identical. The beginning of the prayer begins with a quiet reading of the text, and then the same words are read loudly. As with the Malikites, here you can skip the quiet part of the reading. This is not a violation. In this case, the Shafi'i azan will be similar to the Hanbali or Hanafi.
Shafi'i adhan words:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
In the morning Fajr prayer, the following phrase is added to the azan: "As-Salatu khairum-minan-naum. As-Salaatu khairum-minan-naum".
Iqamat among Shafiites, as well as adhan, is similar to Maliki. The difference is only in the doublesaying the phrase "qad kamati-ssalah".
The text of the Shafi'i ikamah is presented as follows:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah. Ashkhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul Allah. Haya ‘ala-s-salah. Haya ‘alal-falah. Kad kamati-salatu, kamati-salahAllahu akbar, Allahu akbar. La ilaha illa Allah.
A brief history of adhan
Initially, Muslims could not begin prayer together at the same time. They gathered in small companies and prayed. Over time, believers began to think about how to call people to prayer and announce its beginning. There were a variety of ways: a bell, like the Christians, or a horn. It was decided that a certain person would be responsible for this.
Description of the call to prayer
It is believed that the words of adhan and iqamah must be pronounced only when praying together. A person praying alone does not need to pronounce the words of the call and the beginning of prayer. Collective prayer can take place without reading the adhan and iqamat. In this case, their prayer will be counted, but at the same time it will be counted as a sin. Azan should be pronounced only in Arabic and loudly. People need to hear the call to prayer. To a person who does not know Islamic traditions, it may seem that the adhan is a song.
Translate azan into Russian
If you try to translate the azan into Russian, you get the following text: "A person does not and will not have the strength to worship, unless Allah helps us in this and makes it easierour work".
There are several variations of adhan. One of the well-known versions states the following: "Allah is Great and there is no God but Him, and the Messenger of Allah is the Prophet Muhammad! Hurry to prayer and salvation! Allah is Great and there is no God but Him!"
Words for translating ikamat into Russian
There is the following translation of Iqamat into Russian: "Allah is Great, there is no God but Him, Muhammad is his Prophet! Hurry to prayer and salvation, it has already begun! Allah is Great and there is no God but Him!"
It is believed that a person who heard the call to prayer is obliged to repeat his words after the muazzin.
For Muslims, the call to prayer and the beginning of prayer is a very important religious tradition. For refusing to pronounce them, a sin is attributed to a person, but only if the prayer is collective. The words of the prayers may differ depending on the religious school. There is enough time between adhan and iqamat for people to come to pray. Sacred words are pronounced only during collective prayer, they notify the believers of the imminent onset of prayer.
A devout Muslim praying alone does not need to make this call. It is worth noting that the adhan and iqamah are pronounced loudly so that everyone can hear. In fact, the words of the prayer sound very beautiful and pleasing to the ear.
