At all times of the existence of human society, people have had shortcomings. Some of them are quite harmless, while others can lead to obsessive states. They become the main reason that a person ceases to live in peace.
Note that ideal people do not exist. Almost everyone has some kind of unhe althy hobby. What is addiction like? What is the danger of this syndrome? How to deal with addiction? This can be suggested by specialists in the field of psychiatry and psychology dealing with this problem.
Definition of concept
In medicine, addiction is seen as an inappropriately increased or uncontrolled susceptibility and craving for a particular action or substance. Moreover, such an obsessive state leads to the development of addiction. That is why a person, in order to satisfy his addiction, is forced either to increase the dose of a certain substance, or to increase behavioral tactics.
What are addictions?
People in the modern world are far from ideal. Experts say that today there are more than 60 types of addictions. At the same time, they are divided into two large groups. This is:
- Chemical. With these types of addiction, a person develops a craving for a certain substance entering his body from the outside.
- Psychological addiction. The principle of development of this type of dependence is similar to chemical dependence. The difference between these two groups lies only in the fact that the substance that causes addiction does not enter the body from the outside. It is created directly by him.
Chemical addiction
In this group, specialists include the following addictions:
- addiction;
- alcoholism;
- tobacco smoking;
- addiction to drugs (sedatives, tranquilizers, sleeping pills).
Chemical addictions are not seen as ordinary bad hobbies or habits. And this despite the fact that most addicts sincerely believe that they can easily cope with such an addiction, if they only wish. However, this is not the case. Any of the addictions included in the chemical group is a separate disease, and of a chronic nature, which is assigned its own code in the classification of diseases.
These are very bad habits, and their impact on human he alth is extremely negative, even capable of being fatal. A lot of troubles are brought by such dependence to the members of the patient's family. That is why it is necessary to start a course of treatment for such a person on time. At the same time, it is worthremember that therapy is quite long and does not exclude the risks of regression and relapse.
The most dangerous types of chemical addiction are drug addiction and alcoholism. People with these addictions greatly increase the number of murderers, rapists and robbers.
How to deal with this type of addiction? Relatives need to understand that their loved one is seriously ill. That is why he needs long-term therapy. If left untreated, the pathology will begin to affect all aspects of a person's life, which will make his existence unbearable. The main thing is that he will lose he alth. With prolonged intoxication of the body with alcohol-containing drinks or drugs, all internal organs suffer. The heart, lungs, brain and liver are at particular risk.
Besides this, a person with negative addictions has a degradation of the psyche. After all, it is only at the beginning that the intake of certain substances contributes to the emergence of pleasant relaxation and euphoria.
Suffers from such people and socialization. The addict soon loses everything that previously surrounded him in life. Family and work, friendships and family ties, as well as the respect of colleagues go into the background for such a person. Addiction destroys all the moral guidelines developed over the years.
Psychological addiction
Non-chemical addiction produces an impact on the psychophysical state of a person. And in this it is no different from drugs and alcohol. Examples of this are shopping addictions, food addictions, and gambling addictions.
Considering such bad habitsand their impact on human he alth, it is worth noting that they damage the body to a lesser extent. However, along with chemical addictions, they also change the biochemical regulation of the brain. The addictions of both groups manifest themselves equally in the external reactions of patients. That is, both are equally dangerous to human he alth (both mental and physical).
How to deal with addiction? To do this, it is necessary to go a long way to recognizing the problem and liberation from it.
The most common addictions
Psychologists say that all types of addiction are the most convenient and easiest way to eliminate stress. The mechanism of the formation of negative addictions is launched at those moments when it becomes difficult for a person to perceive the existing reality, which is detrimental to the psychological state. This allows him to be in a more comfortable world and get rid of unpleasant feelings.
The addictions that are observed in modern people are significantly different from the addictions that existed, for example, 100 years ago. What are they? Consider the most common types of addiction that take place today.
Internet and gadget addiction
These types of addiction are in first place in the list of the most common addictions of modern man. After all, computers, tablets, mobile phones and other electronic devices are quite fashionable in the 21st century.
In what cases can we say that a person suffers frominternet addiction? Then, when he spends more than 6 hours on the World Wide Web during the day. Today, there are many more people who have Internet addiction than drug addicts and alcoholics combined. That is why such a disease is in first place in the list of similar ailments created by specialists.
One of the components of Internet addiction is the addiction of modern man to gadgets. People who have such an addiction, among other things, differ from everyone else in that they regularly purchase various novelties of the electronic device market, including netbooks, tablets, mobile phones, etc.
Food addiction
This psychological addiction is the second most common addiction of modern man. It is formed as a protest against life's troubles.
When there is a psychological dependence on food, a person does not follow the right diet, suffers from excess weight and other he alth problems that are associated with obesity.
Smoking
Tobacco addiction is also widespread on our planet. And this causes serious concern for doctors.
Smoking provokes the development of many diseases. Based on statistics, in Russia, despite the active fight against smoking, 39.1% of the population suffers from tobacco addiction.
Drug and alcohol addiction
These addictionsare on the list next to smoking. Statistical information indicates that Russia is in first place among the countries of the world in terms of vodka consumption. And this is annually 13.9 liters per inhabitant of the Russian Federation. Moreover, every fifth Russian has a death rate from alcoholism.
Our country is also among the leaders in drug use.
Gaming addiction
In fifth place among addictions is a rather dangerous and unpleasant addiction. The reason for its occurrence is gambling. Such an addiction brings a lot of problems to both the people suffering from it and their families.
Gambling addiction in adults makes a person spend the last savings on gambling. And this despite the fact that he constantly loses large sums, spending all his time at the slot machines.
Define dependency
How to calculate a person who has fallen into the network of this or that addiction? According to experts, this is quite simple to do. To do this, it is enough to turn off the Internet, pick up a cell phone, not allow alcohol, etc. The behavior of an addicted person will immediately change dramatically. He will experience anxiety and increased arousal.
There are also some psychological features of addiction. Among them:
- Increasing the level of suggestibility. An addicted person easily assimilates external attitudes coming from another person, without striving to critically comprehendreality and confront what is happening.
- Inability to predict and plan for the future. Individuals suffering from a chemical addiction, in most cases, do not want to take responsibility for the choice of certain actions. At the same time, they can say one thing and do something completely different.
- Egocentrism. An addicted person is completely fixated on his desires, feelings and interests.
- Dreamy. People suffering from addictions are very fond of fantasizing. They live in a fantasy world and easily renounce reality.
- Maximalism and intolerance. Dependent people strive to quickly eliminate all the problems that arise in their path with minimal effort on their part. Maximalism is called extreme in judgments. And this trait is very pronounced in dependent people. They see the whole world in only two colors - black and white.
Treatment methods
How to deal with addiction? First of all, you need to understand that any addiction (aka mania) is a psychological problem. Moreover, such a disease has its own stages of development.
So, at first, a person's activities are only episodic. And only after that they become permanent. At this initial stage, mental dependence appears, because a person receives pleasure and pleasure from a certain occupation. And only after a while there is a formation of physical dependence. It is very difficult to refuse drugs, for example, at this stage, as this immediately causes “breaking”. Atalcoholics, the case can end in "white tremens". Such phenomena arise due to the already formed habit of the body to function according to a certain pattern. In case of malfunctions in its work, a kind of panic begins, because the body cannot work in another way.
How to treat gambling, alcoholism, smoking and other manias? For this, it is recommended to contact a specialist. Only he can choose the most effective course of therapy. It is almost impossible to cope with such situations on your own.
How to overcome Internet addiction and other types of mental addiction? In these cases, no drugs are prescribed to patients. In this case, how to treat gambling addiction and similar addictions? In some situations, symptomatic treatment may be prescribed by a doctor. The specialist recommends drugs that relieve suspiciousness, irritability, etc. But, as a rule, such treatment consists in conducting conversations, during which the psychologist needs to identify the cause of the disease. At the same time, the doctor influences his patient, trying to convince him that he has no need to perform such actions.
Some types of addictions, such as gambling, alcohol, tobacco, are treated with hypnosis. During the session, the specialist convinces his patient that drinking alcohol or smoking a cigarette can lead to unpredictable results.
Sometimes alcohol addiction is treated with a drug like Teturam. Its reception provokesthe patient vomits when taking even a small dose of alcohol. This allows the development of a conditioned reflex. Over time, even the smell of drinks with a high degree begins to make a person feel bad.
The patient can be admitted to a clinic for the treatment of alcohol addiction. Here they will be handled around the clock by qualified specialists. In the clinic, for the treatment of alcohol dependence, droppers, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, as well as hardware methods are used to restore the body.
Relieve a person from drug addiction allows a drug such as "Methadone". He removes the attack of "withdrawal", without causing euphoria. As a result, the person becomes uninterested in taking drugs.
How to deal with telephone and Internet addiction? You can do it yourself by going through 10 stages in sequence:
- Acknowledge the problem.
- Perform dependency analysis. To do this, you need to answer yourself, why is this happening, is there an urgent need for the actions taken?
- Make a firm decision. It will allow for change.
- Find out your desires.
- State the result of the actions taken.
- Develop the intention to change lives.
- Mentally switch to a new state. This will allow you to see the world in bright colors.
- Control your behavior towards bad habits.
- Change behavior pattern.
- Change environment. When passing through this stage, you will need to part with people who continue to pulladdict to his past.
Having gotten rid of addiction, how not to get addicted again? There is only one recipe for this. A person needs to be aware of the problem of mania, not ceasing to study himself, and also to observe his actions and deeds, not allowing the development of a bad habit mechanism.
