The main shrine and landmark of Dnepropetrovsk is the Holy Trinity Cathedral. The building belongs to the monuments of architecture of the XIX century. Having survived difficult times in its history, the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Dnepropetrovsk) is still operating to the delight of all true Orthodox Christians. Every day, services are performed here, services are held.
History
Holy Trinity Cathedral is not called by chance. In the 19th century, the church was called Trinity, and at some time - the Descent of the Holy Spirit. The cathedral was erected on the site of the old city church, which venerated the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. It was small in size, it was consecrated back in 1791. After forty years of service, the church was significantly dilapidated, and the merchants of the city decided to turn to the famous architects Visconti and Bode to create a project for a new church. At the same time, Uspenskayachurch and the new merchant's. The place for the future temple was consecrated in 1837. The city was unable to build two great structures at the same time, so the whole emphasis was on the Assumption Church.
Eight years have passed since the laying, and in 1845 Fyodor Duplenko (timber merchant) donated three thousand rubles, which was enough only to build the foundation. As far as possible, he allocated funds to Duplenko for several years, for which the temple was built. In general, he contributed one hundred thousand rubles for the construction (huge money for that time). The merchant died in 1848 from a serious illness.
In 1855, the construction of the church was completed, the bishop at that time was Leonid Zaretsky. Consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity. Since then, the temple day has been the feast of the Holy Trinity.
The cathedral has three aisles. The right one is the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the left one is St. Andrew the First-Called, the central one is the Life-Giving Trinity. Three city streets received these names: Kazanskaya (K. Liebknecht St.), Pervozvanovskaya (Korolenko St.), Troitskaya (Red St.) and Troitskaya Square (Red Square).
Description. Construction of the bell tower
One of the local architects developed a project according to which a high stone bell tower was erected in the 1860s. At that time in Yekaterinoslavl (Dnepropetrovsk) it was the tallest building. Later, a chapel was built between the temple and the bell tower, which connected the buildings into one whole, the area of the church almost doubled. The patrons of this construction were Andrey Kirpichnikov and his family, who in totalallocated fifteen thousand rubles.
Holy Trinity Cathedral (Dnepropetrovsk), whose address is Red Square, 7, at the end of the 19th century, had the functions of a city parish church. A candle shop was built, as well as twelve church shops at the Trinity Bazaar, a parochial school and the Parable House. The warden at that time was Ivan Alekseenko.
The beginning of the 20th century. Painting by Izhakevich
At the beginning of the 20th century, large-scale repair work began in the Holy Trinity Church. An outstanding painter of Ukraine Ivan Izhakevich (1864-1962) was invited to perform works on painting (frescoes, icons), he was a great specialist in the field of Ukrainian folklore and folk art. Until the revolution, his main activity was precisely the temple painting, the handwriting of which no one could repeat. The most famous of his paintings are the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra (Refectory), the main gates of the Lavra, the Church of All Saints in the Lavra are also there. All these masterpiece paintings by the author belong to the beginning of the 20th century.
Trinity Square, where the temple is located, receives hundreds of believers daily. Everyone can enter the Holy Trinity Church and see the beauty and uniqueness of the painting. For Yekaterinoslav, the invitation of such a significant master at that time was a great achievement. The hand of the master belongs to the full-length images of saints on the pylons of the cathedral (Cyril and Methodius, Paul, Peter), as well as evangelists on sails in the central nave.
The arrival of Soviet power
In 1910, the headman Ivan Alekseenkodied, and the reconstruction of the cathedral was delayed. The work was completed only in 1917. But with the advent of the Soviets, new troubles began for the churchmen. The Holy Trinity Cathedral (Dnepropetrovsk) took over the Chair of the diocesan bishop, as the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior was closed.
In 1934, during the time of atheistic trends, the temple was closed, explaining this by the "lack of parishioners." The crosses were thrown down, the bells were torn from the bell towers by the vandals and smashed. Numerous shops, warehouses, and workshops were located on the territory of the temple. The church building was divided into two floors, adapted for storage. And the angels hovering over the portal still praised God and watched from above the unloading of sacks of provisions, as they once looked at the praying parishioners. Dirt, dampness, temperature fluctuations caused great damage to the interior paintings and decoration of the temple. The faces of the saints were even simply painted over with white and paint.
During the war
Services resumed in the temple in 1941, during the war. Since then, they have not stopped. During the liberation of the city in 1943, in the confusion of the war years, the rector Vladimir Kapustinsky, who was the rector of the Vedeno church before the revolution, died. Protodeacon of the Holy Trinity Cathedral Hilarion was also shot right in the courtyard of the temple. He rests in the courtyard of the cathedral, like the bodies of many victims of the German bombing raids of 1941.
Despite the hard times, according to the project of Vladimir Samodryga in 1942, the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Dnepropetrovsk) was partially restored. Funding was scarce, sothe most necessary work was carried out - the walls were plastered, bells were hung, the domes were painted green and crosses were erected on them. Inside, the murals were partially cleared, unnecessary ceilings were dismantled. In 1944, the restoration of the church continued. At the same time, a reorganization was taking place in the Dnepropetrovsk diocese. So the cathedral officially became the residence of the bishop, respectively, much more funds were allocated for restoration work.
Restoration of the temple. Who is the mysterious author of the mural?
Great restoration of the church at 7 Red Square began in the 1950s. The surviving unique author's paintings were restored: icons of the apostles, ornaments, cherubs in the vaults of domes, "Joseph's Flight into Egypt". Frescoes that could not be restored were replaced with new ones. A new iconostasis was created, a porch was built, a balcony for the choir and much more.
In those days, the name of the author of the paintings was revealed. It is a sad paradox that the author Izhakevich himself was still alive during these years, but was forced to keep silent about his sympathies for Orthodoxy. No one knew that all these paintings belonged to him.
The first assumption about the authorship of Izhakevich was made by Archbishop Gury, who was an excellent connoisseur and connoisseur of church painting. Having ordered the Moscow restorers from Moscow, the archbishop was convinced of his guesses. One of the masters was Kutlinsky, a student of Izhakevich. By the handwriting of the drawing, he immediately determined the authorship of the paintings. The authorship was finally confirmed by the regional society for the protection of monuments. elderlyartist Konovalyuk F. Z. helped with the painting of the cathedral back in 1909, he told many more interesting details about the work carried out.
Cathedral in the 21st century
A great contribution to the restoration of the temple was made by Metropolitan Iriney of Dnepropetrovsk and rector Archpriest Aksyutin Vladimir Viktorovich. During the major reconstruction of the cathedral, the facade was completely updated, the roof was blocked, the domes were updated, new windows were installed, as well as granite window sills. In 2009, in autumn, one of the first green domes (central) shone with gold. Already on Christmas Day, January 7, during the Divine Service under the rays of the sun, he shone as if the flame of faith of all those gathered in the temple ascended into the sky.
In 2010, the entire facade was completely restored, for the arrival of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, the domes of the bell tower were gilded, the crosses were renewed, the rest of the domes were painted, the molding and facade icons were restored.
Visit of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill
In the summer of 2010, the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Dnepropetrovsk) received a distinguished guest. At the entrance to the temple, Archpriest Vladimir Aksyutin met Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia. In the temple itself, and around it, hundreds of believers gathered. All the pastors of the city and important government officials were present inside the cathedral. Vladyka Irenaeus presented the Patriarch with a list of the image of the Most Holy Theotokos of Samara, which is especially revered in the church. With a response word in memory of hisDuring his visit, Cyril handed over the Image of the Savior to the rector of the temple. Every year on January 7, during the celebration of Christmas, the Patriarch of Moscow sends his congratulations to his brothers in Dnepropetrovsk.
Relics of the temple. Shrines
Diocesan bishops Varlaam (Ilyushchenko), Andrey (Komarov), Kronid (Mishchenko), the founders and rectors of the temple, were buried near the walls of the cathedral. To the right of the central gate during the war in 1941, the victims of the first bombings were buried here.
The shrines of the cathedral are carefully guarded: the icon of the “Weeping Savior”, the icon of the “Holy Trinity” with a particle of the Mamre oak, the icons of the Mother of God “Kazan”, “Iverskaya”, “Samarskaya”, “It is worthy to eat”, two reliquary crosses containing particles of revered Orthodox saints (including the baptist Lord John). There is a cross-reliquary with particles of the relics of the Optina elders in the cathedral.
The oldest relics are preserved in the cathedral: the tomb from St. Nicholas Cathedral, the iconostasis of the Kazan Church.
