About 570 in the city of Mecca, which is located in the northeastern region of modern Arabia, a boy was born, named Muhammad, who was destined to become the Prophet of one of the three world religions. It was with him that the history of Islam began.
His family belonged to the Quraish family, which in turn was the most powerful family of the city. Muhammad's parents died very early: Abdallah Abd al-Muttalib died before the birth of his son, and Amin's mother died after he was 6 years old. Therefore, the orphan was raised by his grandfather, who was the head of the Hashemites. According to the tradition of that time, little Muhammad was given to a Bedouin family for a couple of years, which played a rather large role in his future. After all, there he acquired such important qualities for a person as patience, stamina, endurance, condescension and love for people. In addition, he learned eloquence and fell in love with the rich and expressive language so beloved by the Arab Bedouins.
When the Prophet Muhammad was 20 years old, he got a job as a merchant to the widow Khadija, which laterand got married. They had 4 daughters, and two sons died some time after birth. During these years, the Prophet traveled a lot around the world, and his favorite place was a cave near Mecca, where the first of the greatest events of Islam took place. Once, when he was sitting and meditating in a cave, the voice of the Angel Jibreel appeared to him, at the command of which Muhammad uttered the words that are currently the first five verses of Sura 96 of the Holy Quran.
At first, Muhammad shared this story only with his wife and close friends, but over time, when new revelations were sent down to him that proclaimed the Oneness of God, the number of his followers began to grow. Among them were both the simple poor and slaves, as well as the upper class of Mecca. These revelations became part of the holy book of all Muslims - the Koran.
But it is worth saying that many did not accept this religion. They were pagans and believed in polytheism. In Islam, on the contrary, the belief in one God, who is exclusive and unique, was supreme. However, this circumstance only strengthened Muhammad's realization that his religion was unique and very different from paganism.
After several years of preaching, Muhammad and his supporters had numerous enemies who insulted and tortured the followers of Islam. And when in 622 the Prophet became aware of the impending attempt on his life, he decided to go with his companions to Yarsib, which was later renamed Medina. From this event, called the Hijra, originateshistory of Islam.
In Medina there was a rapid development and spread of the religion of Islam, Islam penetrated into many warring tribes and united them. Supporters of Muhammad became more and more, and after a while the Code of Laws of Medina was released, which recognized Muhammad as the prophet of God and formed a single and separate community - the Muslim Ummah.
Prophet Muhammad died on June 8, 632 after a long illness. His death was a huge loss for the Muslims, they took it as a personal tragedy. After all, a commoner from Mecca was not just a great friend and a great ruler: he revealed to the world a great teaching that millions of people have been following for many centuries in a row.
However, it cannot be said that the death of the Prophet stopped or stopped the development of Islam in the world. In the future, the history of Islam knew many caliphs and amirs who fulfilled the main mission of their religion - bringing the Holy Quran to humanity.
The history of Islam in Russia began in the VI-VII century, when during the expansion of the Arab Caliphate, Islam penetrated the North Caucasus. From there, it subsequently spread along the Volga and became the main religion of the Golden Horde, the Astrakhan and Kazan khanates. Today Islam is the second largest religion in Russia. The bulk of Muslims are Tatars, Chuvashs, Bashkirs and the peoples of the North Caucasus.
From the very beginning, the history of Islam has known positive and negative sides, ups and downsand downfalls, but one thing can be said with complete certainty: thanks to the Prophet Muhammad, for countless people of all times and peoples, Islam has become an example of behavior and an integral part of life.
