After the Russian state was reborn in a new capacity in the 90s, religion took a significant place in it. Gradually, this institution began to develop and improve.
Non-state religious educational institutions have become more and more common in many subjects of the Russian Federation. What do they bring to people? What is their purpose?
Religious institutions. What is this?
The term “religious organizations” refers to voluntary associations of Russian citizens or other persons who permanently legally reside in Russia in order to profess and spread the faith through joint efforts. However, they must be registered as legal entities.
Such organizations can be local or centralized.
Local religious organization must consist of ten or more people who are already 18 years old. They must be residents of the same urban or rural settlement.
Three or more local organizations form a centralized religious association, which, according to its charter, maycreate a spiritual religious educational institution to train students and religious staff.
Religious education
Religious education is the process of education and upbringing. At the same time, a certain religious dogma is taken as the basis.
Such a process makes it possible to learn the essence of a certain religious doctrine, to study religious practice, culture and life.
During this process, certain personal qualities and a way of life are formed according to the corresponding religious dogma with its inherent moral values.
Religious education is understood as one of the forms of non-secular education that religious institutions carry out in order to train highly professional cult ministers, as well as to actively involve students in religious life.
The main difference between religious education and other methods of obtaining religious knowledge is the fact that this process necessarily involves the study and direct application of religious practice - religious worship, worship and other ceremonies and rituals of a religious nature.
This, as well as the focus on the active involvement of students in the ranks of a religious association, determines the non-secular form of this teaching method. At the same time, public religious institutions are obliged to strictly observe the principle of voluntariness.
Specific religious education
The following components can be distinguishedparts of religious education:
- participation of parents, as well as persons replacing them, in religious education and upbringing of children;
- obtaining religious knowledge and education in educational structures that organize religious institutions like Sunday schools;
- getting a professional religious education for a future clergyman in a religious educational institution.
Sunday school does not provide for final exams and the issuance of a certificate of graduation from this educational institution.
According to existing legislation, any religious association is allowed to organize the study by adult parishioners or their children of the basics of the Law of God, church history and other similar subjects without obtaining any state license to conduct educational activities.
The legislator only prohibited the religious education of children against the consent and will of the adults with whom they live.
About Sunday School
Sunday school uses an accessible, usually playful form of lessons for young children when they talk about biblical stories and the foundations of Christianity.
For the name of this education was used the day when classes are held - Sunday. For classes, a time is chosen when the child is absolutely free.
The main focus of the Sunday school system is on direct learning with children.
The main focus is on instilling Christian traditions in children.
All institutions of this type can be divided into two categories, based on the goals pursued when organizing a particular Sunday school:
- Sunday school, which is predominantly religious in nature, the purpose of which is to strengthen children in religion.
- A school with a predominance of an educational nature. Designed for free access to the knowledge of the world around from a religious point of view.
For conducting classes in this kind of educational religious institution, usually the premises of a church or a building specially designed for this purpose are used.
Researchers believe that Pavlov Platon Vasilievich was the first to open a Sunday school.
Of all the forms of education existing in Russia, this was the most democratic. She actively allowed the education of adult illiterate and semi-literate rural and urban populations.
Religious institution - monastery
It is in the monastery that a unique atmosphere is created that allows one to holistically educate a person. In this institution, the formation of science is taking place, which inextricably links spiritual theory and practice.
A monastery (derived from the Greek "one") means a religious monastic community, united by one charter, owning a single complex of religious, residential and outbuildings.
From the history of monasteries
In the third centuryChristianity began to spread rapidly, which contributed to the weakening of the severity of the life of believers. This prompted some ascetics to go to the mountains, to the desert, to get away from the world and its temptations.
They were called hermits or hermits. It was they who laid the foundations of monastic life. The birthplace of monasticism is in Egypt, where many desert fathers lived in the fourth century.
One of them, the Monk Pachomius the Great, was the first to establish a cenobitic monastic form.
He connected the various dwellings in which the followers of Anthony the Great lived, into one community. There was a wall all around. He drew up a set of rules governing discipline and daily routine, providing for a uniform alternation of classes with labor and prayers.
The date of the first monastic charter, written by Pachomius the Great, refers to the year 318.
After that, monasteries began to spread from Palestine to Constantinople.
Monasteries came to the West after Athanasius the Great visited Rome in 340
On the Russian land the monks appeared with the adoption of Christianity. Monastic life in Russia was founded by St. Anthony and Theodosius of the Caves, who created the Kiev Caves Monastery.
Existing types of Christian monasteries
There are abbeys in Catholicism. These are monasteries that are headed by an abbot or abbess, who are subordinate to the bishop or the pope.
Kenovia is a monastery that has a communal charter.
Lavroythe largest male Orthodox monasteries are called.
The place where the monks from the monastery live in the city is called the courtyard.
The desert is a name given to monastic settlements in Russian Orthodoxy, often located far from the monastery.
The hermit lives in an independent or structurally isolated monastic solitary dwelling called a skete.
