In addition to intellectual, perceptual cognitive processes, there are also mnemonic ones. They are components of human cognitive activity, closely related to its perceptual processes, intellectual activity. The resulting memory images are called representations.
Interpretation of the concept of memory
It is known that this is the process of preserving previously acquired experience, it is he who makes it possible to re-use the latter in action, as well as return to the field of consciousness. It connects an individual's past with his present as well as his future. Memory is the most important cognitive function that forms the basis for further learning and development.
Past experience is made up of recurring images of individual objects, processes that were perceived in the past, previously learned movements, actions, feelings and desires experienced before, and thoughts that once arose.
Basic memory processes
These include:
- remembering;
- recognition;
- playback.
Passing directly into the brain from both internal and external stimuli of various kinds of excitations leave the so-called swept away in it, remaining for many years. If aspeaking figuratively, it can be imagined that paths for the previously mentioned excitations are blazed in the cortex of the hemispheres, as a result of which subsequently nerve connections appear faster and easier. The latter are preserved, and then come to life in the event of a repetition of excitations or fade away if they are not repeated, and then the "doubled" is forgotten. Thus, the process of formation, preservation of temporary connections is the physiological foundation of memory.
Mechanism of the phenomenon under consideration
Information that comes from the senses is processed by sensory memory, which ensures its retention for a fairly short period of time (usually less than a minute).
Depending on the type of stimulus, the latter can be:
- echoic (connection with hearing);
- iconic (connection with vision), etc.
Psychologists suggest that it is in sensory memory that the physical signs of incoming information are recorded. In other words, at this stage, memory is differentiated - with the eyes or with the nose.
Immediately after receiving any information, a process such as forgetting begins.
Types of memory
There are a number of criteria for their classification, one of which is its division according to the time of storage of the received material, and the other according to the analyzer that prevails in the previously mentioned processes of memorization, reproduction, preservation of material.
So, in the 1st case, it is customary to allocate several types of memory:
- operational;
- instant;
- genetic;
- short-term;
- long-term.
And in the 2nd case we are talking about visual, olfactory, auditory, tactile and other types of memory. Now let's learn more about what auditory and visual memory are.
The first is regarded as a good memorization, a fairly accurate reproduction of various kinds of sounds, for example, musical, speech. Auditory memory is necessary for philologists, acousticians, musicians, as well as people who study foreign languages.
Visual memory is associated first with the preservation, and then with the reproduction of the received visual images. Quite often, this type is inherent in people with eidetic perception, such individuals are able to “see” the imprinted picture already in their imagination for a significantly long time period after the end of the impact on the corresponding sensory organs. Based on this, the type of memory in question implies the presence of the ability to imagine the subject.
So, after we have learned what auditory and visual memory are, it will not be superfluous to pay attention to questions regarding the possibility of their development. To do this, you should turn to special techniques.
Development of visual memory
It is certain that everyone at least once faced such a situation when someone from the environment easily memorized new detailed information. Most people experience short-termvisual memory. It determines the ability to memorize visual information, deepen understanding in the presence of certain visual materials.
Today, there are techniques to help improve memory. One of the most common ways is the training of the imagination, the development of creative thinking, the use of associations. For example, if you need to remember multi-digit numbers, you need to present them in such a form as plants, animals, inanimate objects. So, a unit can be a roadside pole, a deuce can be a swan, a six can be a padlock (open), an eight can be a matryoshka doll, etc. If it is difficult to imagine the whole picture right away, then you can try to sketch a sketch.
Development of auditory memory
As it has already become clear, auditory and visual memory can be trained. We have already looked at how you can improve visual memory, now we will learn how to train auditory. This type of memory plays an important role in memorizing a new word, songs, poems. An effective developmental exercise in this case is “Listen and remember.” For example, if this is a child, then after listening to a short fairy tale (“Turnip”), he must repeat it in exact sequence.
For younger children, a simplified form of the task is suitable: the names of several paired objects are announced (lace-up shoes, plate-spoon, etc.). The development of auditory memory is well facilitated by the sound of simple objects. It will be useful to buy for a childtoy musical instruments. You can also demonstrate different sounds, after which the child will have to guess the instrument.
Thus, we can safely say that auditory and visual memory can be trained, especially in early childhood. To date, there are many methods, it remains only to choose the right one.
Finally, it is worth recalling that the article considered such concepts as visual and auditory memory. Detailed information about memory processes.
