On November 5, 1896, in Belarus, in the city of Orsha, Lev Semenovich Vygotsky was born. The future famous Soviet psychologist was born into a family of employees.
Vygotsky Lev Semenovich: biography
Leo was educated by his father, teacher S. Aspitz, who is known for the method of Socratic dialogue he introduced. In one thousand nine hundred and seventeen, Lev Semenovich graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University (Moscow) and at the same time the Faculty of History and Philosophy of the University. Shinyavsky. After that he worked as a teacher in the city of Gomel. Vygotsky Lev Semenovich began working at Moscow University in 1924. Later (1929), he organized the Experimental Defectological Institute, which he headed. EDI had a communal school for children with behavioral problems. In 1925, Lev Semenovich defended his thesis. Her theme is "Psychology of Art". In it, he proved that art is a means of transforming the individual. This work was published after the death of the author. In the summer of that year, for the only time in his life, he, as an employee,The People's Commissariat of Education traveled abroad, to a conference on the education of deaf and dumb children, to London.
In 1933, Vygotsky, together with I. I. Danyushevsky, began studying children with speech disorders. Later he lectured at the institutes and universities of Kharkov, Leningrad and Moscow.
Professor of Psychology
During the period when Soviet psychology was undergoing perestroika on the basis of Marxism (Vygotsky Lev Semenovich took an active part in it), he was becoming a scientist. He critically analyzed philosophical and psychological concepts. According to Vygotsky, two types of behavior should be distinguished - cultural as a result of the development of society, and natural (as a result of rapid biological evolution), which are merged.
Activities of Lev Semenovich in recent years
Studying the structure of consciousness became the main activity of the scientist in the last years of his life. In 1934, Vygotsky Lev Semenovich wrote the work "Thinking and Speech", which became the basis of Soviet psycholinguistics. Lev Semenovich is often called
Mozart psychology. He had no special education. And maybe that's why I was able to take a different look at the problems of psychology.
Vygotsky's influence
On June 11, 1934, at the age of thirty-seven, Lev Semenovich died in Moscow from tuberculosis. In the 1930s, a reassessment of views on culture and science began in the Soviet Union. As a result, the works of the greatpsychologists were forgotten, and only in the 50s did his work begin to be published again.
Vygotsky Lev Semenovich and his cultural-historical theory became the basis of the largest Soviet school of psychology. P. Ya. Galperin, L. I. Bozhovich, P. I. Zinchenko, and others became his followers. By the 1970s, Vygotsky's theories were of interest to American psychologists. His main works were translated and became the basis of educational psychology in the United States.
