The intellectual development of children is an important component of their adaptation in society, the development of mental processes, interpersonal communication and the formation of a child as a person. There are a considerable number of methods that test the level of development of thinking and intellectual abilities. One such method is the Raven test. They are known for being child-friendly and easy to interpret.
Description of the Raven test
This technique is also called "Raven's Progressive Matrices", in which tasks are built according to the principle of increasing complexity. These matrices are well deciphered by those children who understand the logic of their solution faster and more accurately. Children are provided with graphic objects that have a certain number of signs necessary for decoding.
Raven's tests are ordered into five series. Each of them contains 12 tasks, each of which is more difficult than the previous one. This technique has a time limit, that is, 20 minutes are given for solving problems, but it is possible to pass the test without taking into account the time. In this case, the result is interpreted using a special table.
For the researcher, it is necessary to make sure that children understand what they shoulddo. Before conducting Raven's tests, you need to study the instructions and the rules for conducting, in order to then compare the results with generally accepted standards. A color version of the technique is carried out for children aged 5 to 9 years.
Five series of test
Raven's children's test has 5 levels of difficulty, which are indicated in Latin letters.
Series A: here the child needs to determine the relationship in the structure of the task. You need to complete the missing part of the picture.
Series B: it is necessary to find an analogy between paired figures. To do this, the child determines the principle by which these pictures are distributed.
Series C: there is a complication of the figures, where the child must point out their changes and pick up the missing fragment.
Series D: here the tasks are complicated by the fact that the figures are rearranged. It can occur both horizontally and vertically. The child needs to identify it.
Series E: the main drawing here is divided into certain elements. The subject must determine the necessary figures to complete the image. Here the researcher checks the development of the properties of thinking - analysis and synthesis.
Test instructions
The researcher should draw the children's attention to the fact that before the command to start the test, they should not peep into the tasks. As soon as the run time comes to an end, everyone strictly on command must finish. When conducting Raven's tests, the specialist deciphers the goal a little in the instructions. To do this, he turnsattention of children to the seriousness of the study, urging them to conscientiously, deliberately and accurately complete the tasks. It can be noted that the technique is intended to clarify the logic of children's thinking.
Transcript of results
This test can be interpreted from several perspectives:
- assessment of the number of correctly solved tasks (10-point scale);
- accounting for difficulty and correctness in the results (19-point scale);
- five-point scale with "+" and "-" signs;
- Qualitative view of the test performance: a quick solution with incorrect answers classifies the child as "speedy", slow but accurate performance indicates the child as "accurate" or "slow-thinking".
IQ according to the Raven test is assessed at 5 levels of development:
- Extremely high - over 95% results.
- Above average - scores ranging from 75 to 94%.
- Average - 25-74%.
- Below average - scores are 5-24% on the assignment.
- Intelligence defect - getting a result below 5%.
