Still half a century ago, socionics as a science was not known. But today the camp of admirers of this new science, which has already earned its rightful place, is very extensive and grows even more every year. Until now, it is quite easy to trace the chronology of the development of socionics, which originated in the 70s of the twentieth century. The founder was the Lithuanian economist and psychologist Ausra Augustinavichute. Although today many have a stable association: socionics are signs of Reinin, we will not forget about the origins.
The birth of socionics
Already in the early 1970s, Augustinaviciute first became acquainted with the typology of the Swiss psychiatrist Jung Carl Gustav, the informational metabolism theory of the Polish psychiatrist Anton Kempinski, and Freud's theory of psychoanalysis. Aushra Augustinavichute revealed that in addition to the already known design (structure) of the psyche, there is also a design of relationships, which, in turn, is revealed by the psychological types of people, regardless of their intentions and desires.
Let's define socionics as a science about types of people and relationships between them. She studies psychological compatibility, informationinteraction between themselves, as well as between a person and his environment.
Socionics in everyday life
Features of human communication, his abilities, professional inclinations, as well as the strong and weak sides of the personality are defined as a psychological type. At the moment, socionics is quite common in the practices of recruitment agencies, career guidance centers, socionic consulting and coaching, and even in the practice of marriage agencies.
The superimposition of classical psychological approaches on typological ones in matters of psychological problems, professional and personal development and growth is a new round of psychotherapy. By focusing on typological features, we get some starting points, or reference points for a possible purposeful step-by-step analysis, called "markers", which quickly but effectively lead to understanding the picture of the situation that has formed and the reasons, opportunities and options for its development.
Currently, some socionic schools use Reinin's signs for typing (socionic diagnostics).
A new round in socionics
The signs of Reinin are fifteen orthogonal binary signs of the type of information-energy metabolism or the sociotype of a person, identified and proven by Grigory Romanovich Reinin, a Russian mathematician and psychologist, a native of present-day St. Petersburg.
Aushra Augustinavichyute and his colleague Larisa Kobrinskaya in 1980 put forwardthe assumption that there are 11 dichotomous signs, in addition to the already known four Jungian ones, and they are formed precisely by multiplying those same Jungian dichotomies. A little later, the St. Petersburg mathematician Reinin subsumed a mathematical basis for this hypothesis, on the basis of which a stable definition was fixed - Reinin's signs. Grigory Reinin justified the features from a mathematical point of view as follows: from X and Y, two orthogonal binary features, we get XY - a binary feature, which in its order is also considered orthogonal to the previous two. In general, you can get 2 ^ (n-1) - n derivatives of orthogonal features (naturally, in the presence of n independent dichotomies), including derivatives of derivatives. Accordingly, by multiplying these four independent Jungian dichotomies, we obtain eleven derived features.
Mathematical justification of features
Grigory Reinin proved, using mathematical methods, in addition to the fact that 16 well-known socionic types can be divided according to four features, they can also be broken down in 11 ways.
| Signs | ILE | SEI | ESE | LII | EIE | LSI | SLE | IEI | SEE |
| Logic\Ethics | + | - | - | + | - | + | + | - | - |
| Intuition\Sensorics | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | - |
| Extroversion\Introversion | + | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | + |
| Irrationality\Rationality | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Democracy\Aristocracy | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | + |
| Compliance\Stubbornness | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Carelessness\Forethought | + | + | - |
- |
+ | + | - | - | - |
| Constructivism\Emotivism | + | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | - |
| Tactics\Strategy | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | + | - |
| Static\Dynamics | + | - | - | + | - | + | + | - | + |
| Positivism\Negativism | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | + | + |
| Process\Result | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | + |
| Happiness\Seriousness | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| Discretion\Determination | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - |
| Question\Declamation | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + |
There are signs of Reinin (the table shows this). But, as was revealed by Reinin, the already known 4 features are far from a complete set of non-correlating (orthogonal) features, and by multiplying those 4, we get eleven more derived features. Some socionics argue that the identified signs of Reinin are equal, and derivatives can be obtained from any four independent dichotomies.
Today, in the age of maximum availability of information, it is enough just to find any. These are, among other things, Reinin's signs (test or TIM Calculator, a type of informational metabolism). More common groups: rationality - irrationality, logic - ethics, introversion - extraversion and sensory - intuition. Introduction of additionalfeatures, as well as the formation of a table and a test, significantly simplified the process of determining the type, which served as a great leap towards the development of socionics as a science.
